听觉-言语认知负荷下工作记忆容量对换道决策的影响

Effect of working memory capacity on lane-changing decisions under auditoryverbal cognitive load

为研究工作记忆容量、认知负荷与新手驾驶人换道决策之间的关系,基于驾驶模拟器对54名新手驾驶人开展了城市道路场景下的换道试验,采集车辆运行状态数据与驾驶人操作数据,分别就工作记忆容量、认知负荷、高认知负荷下不同工作记忆容量驾驶人群体对换道过程的决策阶段进行了影响分析。结果表明:工作记忆容量越高,横向距离偏移标准差越小,驾驶人横向控制能力越好,换道决策时间越短;认知负荷越高,纵向速度越大但保持在限速范围内,同时横向距离偏移标准差与换道决策时间表现出现先降低后在2-back时又升高的趋势。为详细了解这一趋势的原因,在1-back与2-back下进行工作记忆容量对横向控制能力与换道决策时间的影响分析,得出在2-back而不是1-back的影响下,驾驶人处理驾驶主任务和认知次任务已经耗尽了工作记忆容量资源,产生了自适应调整或补偿行为。

With the continuous improvement of the research on the mechanisms of drivers'risky driving behaviors,drivers'cognitive differences have gradually become a hot and difficult area of current research.To investigate the relationship between working memory capacity,cognitive load,and novice drivers'lane change decisions,a complex span memory paradigm was used to measure drivers'working memory capacity,and a simulated driving scenario was constructed by combining no cognitive negative and cognitive load N-back(N=O,1,2)tasks with risky driving behavior characteristics.A lane change test under urban road scenarios was conducted on 54 subjects based on a driving simulator to collect psychological experiment data,vehicle operation state data,and driver operating behavior data,and the effects of working memory capacity,cognitive load,and high cognitive load at different groups of drivers with different working memory capacity on the decision-making stage of the lane-changing process was analyzed,respectively.The ANOVA results show that the standard deviation of lateral distance offset decreases with increasing the working memory capacity,and the decision time for lane change decreases with increasing the working memory capacity.Within the speed limit,with the increase of the cognitive load,the longitudinal speed and the standard deviation of lateral acceleration increase,while the standard deviation of lateral distance offset and the decision time for lane change first decrease and then increase at 2-back.To understand the reasons for this trend in detail,the effects of working memory capacity on lateral control ability and lane change decision time were analyzed under 1-back and 2-back.It is concluded that there are significant differences in the standard deviation of lateral distance excursions and decision times of the driver population with different working memory capacities under 1-back.And under 2-back,drivers have exhausted their driving primary task and cognitive secondary task,resulting in the working memory capacity resources,resulting in adaptive adjustment or compensation behavior.