地铁站应急疏散数值模拟研究

Numerical simulation study of emergency evacuation in subway stations

为了提高地铁站的应急疏散效率,进一步保障人员的生命安全,利用数值模拟技术,对地铁站的应急疏散进行研究。通过文献研究和问卷调研,从人和物两方面分析突发火灾事件后影响地铁站应急疏散效率的因素。在Agent模型的基础上,从地铁站应急疏散人群的基本特点、行人的移动规则、人员对障碍物的辨别、人员移动方向、人群的行走速度等多方面入手,建立地铁站的应急疏散模型。以“北京白石桥南站”地铁站为实例,采集模型构建所需真实参数,并利用Pathfinder软件,进行数值仿真,提出建议措施。研究显示:应急疏散模型和Pathfinder软件可以判断部分因素在应急疏散过程中产生的影响。通过对应急疏散过程和结果进行分析,针对“北京白石桥南站”应急疏散预案提出以下建议:(1)适当增加疏散楼梯的通行效率;(2)设置明显的疏散标志并及时广播;(3)设置合理专业的人员进行引导工作,从而提高地铁站应急疏散效率,减少人员伤亡损失。

According to the complexity of the connection between emergency evacuation and the station environment,station buildings,and personnel characteristics,it is of great significance to explore an efficient and intuitive emergency evacuation model to ensure the life safety of passengers.To improve the efficiency of emergency evacuation at subway stations,we analyzed the complexity of objective factors such as station environment,station buildings,and subjective and objective factors such as personnel characteristics and personnel behaviors,and established an efficient and intuitive emergency evacuation model to further ensure the life safety of personnel.Using numerical simulation technology,namely the Agent model and Pathfinder evacuation simulation software,the emergency evacuation of subway stations was studied.Through literature research and a questionnaire survey,from both human and physical aspects,the factors affecting the emergency evacuation efficiency of the subway station after the sudden fire incident of the subway station were analyzed.Based on an agent model,the emergency evacuation model of the subway station was established from the basic characteristics of the emergency evacuation crowd,the movement rules of pedestrians,the identification of obstacles,the direction of personnel movement,the walking speed of the crowd,and other aspects.Taking the subway station of"Beijing Baishiqiao South Station"as an example,we collected the real parameters needed for model construction,used Pathfinder software to conduct simulation research and put forward suggestions and measures.The study shows that the model and software can determine the specific impact of some factors in an emergency evacuation.Through the analysis of the process and results of an emergency evacuation,we put forward the following suggested measures for the emergency evacuation of"Beijing Baiashiqiao South Station":firstly,the passage efficiency of evacuation stairs is appropriately increased;secondly,obvious evacuation signs and broadcast;and finally reasonable and professional personnel are set up to guide the work to improve the emergency evacuation efficiency of subway stations and reduce casualties.