数字平台生态系统的动态治理机制研究——基于平台所有者与互补者交互影响的视角

Dynamic Governance Mechanism for Digital Platform-Based Ecosystems: From the Perspective of Interaction between Platform Owner and Complementors

有效治理是数字平台生态系统可持续发展的关键,治理机制已经成为当前数字平台生态系统研究中备受关注的议题。已有研究大多从静态视角审视平台治理机制,而没有采用动态视角对平台演化发展过程中治理机制的变化展开详细的分析。将数字平台生态系统的演化发展总结为涌现阶段、震荡阶段、规范阶段、更新阶段,基于平台所有者与互补者交互影响视角分析不同阶段的重要特征和关键挑战,提出基于开放、控制、制度化、变革的治理模式。涌现阶段需采取解耦策略、开放访问权限、资源信息提供、共生推广战略、建立互动机制等措施应对选择关键互补者合作和鼓励吸引互补者加入等挑战;震荡阶段需采取访问权限设置与反馈系统、纠纷解决机制、行为控制、外部关系控制、规范交易过程等措施应对避免互补者竞争加剧和筛选锁定互补者等挑战;规范阶段需采取分配协商程序、限制所有者权力、授予自主权、确保程序公正等措施应对明确各自战略定位、确立价值分配机制等挑战;更新阶段需采取提升平台质量、关注互补者反应、关注前沿数字技术、协作组织设计、促进共同成长等措施应对建立新的价值主张和实施平台变革等挑战。

Unlike traditional organizational structure,participants and actors in digital platform-based ecosystems are gathered together in a loosely coupled network structure.How to coordinate different types of participants to achieve value creation is a great challenge for the platform.In the meanwhile,scholars also paid great attention to the governance issues in digital platform-based ecosystems.However,the current research on the dynamic governance mechanism for digital platform-based ecosystems is relatively insufficient,especially lacking of focus on in-depth exploration of the governance mechanism during the whole life cycle of digital platform-based ecosystems.This paper adopts a theoretical analysis method to analyze the dynamic governance mechanism for digital platform-based ecosystems and summarizes the important features,goals and key challenges of digital platform-based ecosystems at different evolutionary stages.Ultimately,we draw the following conclusions.Specifically,in the emergence phase,the digital platform-based ecosystem needs to implement an open-based governance model,which can be implemented through decoupling strategies,open access,designing value creation modes,providing resource information,symbiotic promotion strategies.In the oscillation phase,it is required to implement the control-based governance model,which controls negative factors that may affect the development of the platform by setting access rights,system feedback,dispute resolution mechanisms,behavioral control,external relationship control,and regulating the transaction process to screen complementarities.In the normative phase,it is required to implement the institutionalization-based governance model,which controls negative factors that may affect the development of the platform by allocating consultation procedures,limiting the power of owners,granting autonomy to complementors and ensuring procedural fairness to safeguard complementors.In the renewal phase,it involves the implementation of a change-based governance model to realize the transformation of the platform by improving platform quality,focusing on complementors’responses,focusing on cutting-edge digital technologies,designing collaborative organizations,and facilitating mutual growth.Compared with previous literature,this paper expands on the following aspects:first,previous studies are mostly based on a static perspective,while this paper adopts a dynamic perspective to analyze the important features,goals and key challenges of the evolution of digital platform-based ecosystems in details.Second,previous studies mostly focus on the governance mechanism fordigital platform-based ecosystems at a certain point in time or during a period of time,while this paper portrays the whole lifecycle process of digital platform-based ecosystems’governance mechanism.Third,while previous studies have focused on digital platform-based ecosystem either from the standpoint of platform owner or from the standpoint of complementors,this paper focuses on the perspective of the interaction between platform owner and complementors to explore the dynamic governance mechanism for digital platform-based ecosystems.To a certain extent,the research reveals the internal logic of the dynamic evolution and governance for digital platform-based ecosystems,which helps to understand the development process of digital platform-based ecosystems from the perspective of the whole life cycle,provides decision-making guidance for digital platforms at different stages,and offers ideas for platform owner to better handle the relationship with their complementors.