中国人群关注花粉播报情况的多维度分析:一项国内大规模多中心横断面调查

A multi-dimensional analysis of pollen broadcasting concerns in Chinese population:a large-scale multi-center cross-sectional survey

目的:多维度调查中国人群关注花粉播报情况,了解国内变应性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis,AR)患者的现状。方法:2022年3月1日至9月30日,国内21家医院共同开展一项基于问卷星平台的大规模多中心横断面调查,收集中国东北、华北、华东、华中、华南、西南、西北7个大区共7056名受试者的基本特征(包括社会人口学特征和其中AR患者的疾病特征),以及其关注花粉播报的情况、接收花粉播报的意愿和治疗满意率等。采用卡方检验、多变量线性回归及Logistic回归分析等统计学方法,多维度分析中国人群关注花粉播报的情况及相关影响因素。结果:所有7056名受试者中,关注过花粉播报的比例为23.02%。3176例自报AR患者和1019例花粉诱导的AR(pollen-induced AR,PiAR)患者中,关注花粉播报的比例分别为25.60%和39.16%,高于非AR和非PiAR受试者(χ^(2)值分别为21.74、175.11,P值均<0.001)。AR患者中,春、秋季过敏原阳性患者关注花粉播报的比例高于常年过敏原阳性患者(χ^(2)值分别为20.90、19.51,P值均<0.001);伴有哮喘、鼻窦炎、变应性结膜炎和心脑血管疾病的AR患者关注花粉播报的比例均高于不伴合并症的AR患者(χ^(2)值分别为50.83、21.97、56.78、7.62,P值均<0.05)。我国华北地区AR患者可在本地区查到花粉播报的比例为31.01%,显著高于其他大区(P值均<0.05)。多变量线性回归分析显示:PiAR患者中,家庭人均月收入较高、AR疾病认知水平较高、既往关注过花粉播报及合并变应性结膜炎者,接收花粉播报的意愿更强烈(B值分别为0.24、0.13、0.66、0.47,P值均<0.05);患者的疾病认知水平越高,主动参与治疗的意愿越强烈(R^(2)=0.72,P<0.001)。仅18.89%的AR患者对现有治疗效果满意;Logistic回归分析结果显示,关注过花粉播报的AR患者治疗满意率显著高于未关注者(OR=1.83,P<0.001)。结论:受疾病认知水平等多种因素影响,目前中国人群关注花粉播报情况欠佳;国内AR患者的治疗满意率不高。

ObjectiveTo investigate the concern about pollen broadcasting in Chinese population from multiple dimensions and to understand the information about allergic rhinitis(AR)in China by analyzing related factors.MethodsFrom March 1 to September 30,2022,a large-scale multi-center cross-sectional survey was conducted based on the Questionnaire Star platform in 21 Chinese hospitals.A total of 7056 subjects from 7 regions in China:Northeast,North,East,Central,South,Southwest,and Northwest China were included.Basic characteristics(including social demographic characteristics and disease characteristics of AR patients),concern about pollen broadcasting,the willingness of pollen-induced AR(PiAR)patients to receive pollen broadcasting,and the treatment satisfaction rate of AR patients were collected.The chi-square test,multivariate linear regression model,and Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the concern about pollen broadcasting in the Chinese population and related factors from multiple dimensions.ResultsAmong 7056 subjects,23.02%were concerned about pollen broadcasting.Among 3176 self-reported AR and 1019 PiAR patients,25.60%and 39.16%were concerned about pollen broadcasting,respectively,which was higher than that of non-AR or non-PiAR subjects(χ^(2) value was 21.74 and 175.11,respectively,both P<0.001).Among AR patients,the proportion of spring and autumn allergen-positive patients concerned about pollen broadcasting was higher than that in perennial allergen-positive patients(χ^(2) value was 20.90 and 19.51,respectively,both P<0.001).The proportion of AR patients with asthma,sinusitis,allergic conjunctivitis,and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases was higher than those without complications(χ^(2) value was 50.83,21.97,56.78,7.62,respectively,all P<0.05).The proportion of AR patients in North China who could find pollen broadcasting locally was 31.01%,significantly higher than those in other regions(all P<0.05).Multivariate linear regression model analysis showed that among PiAR patients,those with higher per capita household income and higher AR disease cognition levels had been concerned about pollen broadcasting in the past,and those complicated with allergic conjunctivitis had stronger intention to receive pollen broadcasting(B value was 0.24,0.13,0.66,0.47,respectively,all P<0.05).The higher the disease cognition level of PiAR patients,the stronger their willingness to actively participate in treatment(R^(2)=0.72,P<0.001).Only 18.89%of AR patients felt satisfied with the treatment effect.Logistic regression analysis showed that in AR patients,the treatment satisfaction rate was significantly higher among those concerned about pollen broadcasting compared to those who were not(OR=1.83,P<0.001).ConclusionsCurrently,the dissemination of pollen broadcasting in China is hindered by various factors such as disease cognition level.The treatment satisfaction among AR patients remains unsatisfactory.