改革开放以来教育援疆政策的历史演变——基于历史制度主义视角

Historical Evolution of Educational Aid Policies to Xinjiang since Reform and Opening Up:Based on Historical Institutionalism Perspective

教育援疆政策是实现中央治疆方略和推进新疆社会稳定的重要举措。基于历史制度主义视角检视我国改革开放以来教育援疆政策的历史演变,可以发现:改革开放40多年以来,教育援疆政策的演变脉络大体分为探索期、发展期、蓬勃期三大阶段;政策嬗变路径呈现从“依赖——突破”的特征;在动力机制上,政策自我学习机制、外界经验的示范效应、多元行动者的博弈的动力机制推动教育援疆政策的延续与改革。展望未来,教育援疆政策应加强顶层设计,完善教育援疆政策体系;体现价值多元,优化教育援疆的政策导向;协同共治,形成教育援疆的政策新合力。

Educational aid policies to Xinjiang is an important measure to realise the central government’s goal of governing Xinjiang and promote social stability in Xinjiang.From the Reform and Opening Up for more than 40 years,reviewing the historical evolution of China’s education aid policies on historical institutionalism theory,it can be found that the evolution of the policy is divided into three phases:exploring period,developing period,and prosperous period,and the transmutation path of the policy shows the characteristics from“dependence”to“breakthrough”.In terms of motivation mechanism,the self-learning mechanism,the demonstration effect of external experience,and the game of multiple actors are the driving forces for the continuation and reform of the education aid policies.Looking ahead,the education aid policies should strengthen the top-level design so as to improve the education aid policies system,express diversification so as to optimise the policy orientation of education aid,and collaborative governance so as to form a new policy synergy of education aid.