平凉市博物馆藏明代金铜佛造像合金成分和铸造工艺研究

Research on the Composition and Casting Process of Ming Dynasty's Bronze Buddha in Pingliang Museum

采用便携式×射线荧光光谱仪、显微镜等科学仪器,结合宏观观察,对平凉市博物馆藏明代金铜佛造像成分特征、铸造方式和装饰工艺进行了分析研究,结果表明造像质地以铜锡铅三元合金的青铜为主,少部分为铜锌二元合金的黄铜;铸造工艺主要使用范铸法,少量为翻砂法,另有几尊造型工艺精湛的造像采用失蜡法铸造;施金工艺采用了鎏金、泥金和贴金三种,部分造像表面将施金、髹漆、彩绘结合应用。此研究结果可为今后明代金铜佛造像合金成分和铸造工艺分析提供科学依据。

Using portable X-ray fluorescence analyzer,microscope and other scientific instruments,combined with macroscopic observation,the composition characteristics,casting method and decoration technology of the Ming Dynasty bronze Buddha statues collected in Pingliang Museum were analyzed and studied.The results showed that the main texture of the statues was copper,tin and lead ternary alloy bronze,and a small part was copper and zinc binary alloy brass.The casting process mainly uses the mold casting method,of which the clay mold method is the most,a small amount is the sand casting method,and several statues with exquisite modeling technology are cast by the wax loss method.There are three kinds of gold-decoration,gilding,peat gold and sticking gold,part of the surface of the statue will be applied in combination with gold,painting and color painting.The research results can provide scientific basis for the composition and casting technology of the gold and copper Buddha statue alloy in the Ming Dynasty in the future.