金嵌玉石宝塔的镶嵌修复研究

Conservation Research of the Gold Gemstone Inlaid Pagoda

金嵌玉石宝塔是清代佛教器物,乾隆十一年(1746年)由造办处造得并安嵌于重华宫崇敬殿。因宝塔存在镶嵌宝石污渍、璎珞断裂、镶嵌宝石脱落、珍珠镶嵌松动等伤况,故进行修复研究。利用便携式X射线荧光光谱及便携式拉曼光谱对金属塔的元素组成及镶嵌宝石的矿物组成进行检测分析,并对璎珞的形制进行研究。以此为前提,清洁宝塔的镶嵌部分,加固重穿伞盖璎珞,加固宝石镶嵌及珍珠镶嵌。在修复中发现一处雕刻金星玻璃与其他相应位置的材质不符,根据档案线索,疑为制作时有意为之,反映了金星玻璃在清代作为珍贵材料备受重视。在清代,大型镶嵌类器物选择颜色、形状相近材料的情况偶有发生,具有一定的灵活性。此次修复在解决文物病害的同时,也加深了对清代宫廷佛教金器镶嵌技法的了解。

The Gold Gemstone Inlaid Pagoda is a Buddhist object used for the statue of Buddha in Qing Dynasty,which was made by the Office of the Chief Architect in 1746 and be setted in the Chong Jing Hall of Chong Hua Palace.Because of the stained inlaid stones,broken pearl strings,inlaid stones off,loosing pearl inlay and other injuries,the author restored the inlaid part of the pagoda and carried out research work in the conservation process.Using portable X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and portable Raman spectroscopy to detect and analyze the elemental composition of the metal pagoda and the mineral composition of the inlaid stones,and studying the form of the pearl strings,the conservation steps such as cleaning the inlaid part of the pagoda,reinforcing and re-string the umbrella pearl strings,reinforcing the stone inlay and reinforcing the pearl inlay were carried out.During the conservation,it was found that a carved Venus glass does not match the material of other corresponding locations.According to the file clues,it is suspected that it was intentionally made during the production,reflecting the importance of Venus glass as a precious material in the Qing Dynasty.In the application of materials for large-scale inlaid cultural relics in the Qing Dynasty,the selection of materials with similar colors and shapes has occasionally occurred,with a certain degree of flexibility.The conservation of cultural relics not only dealed with the injury,but also provided experience for an in-depth understanding of the palace Buddhist gold inlay techniques in Qing Dynasty.