新疆地区147例冬季冰雪运动损伤患者的临床特征与治疗研究

Clinical characteristics and treatment of 147 patients with winter ice and snow sports injuries in Xinjiang

目的对新疆地区冬季冰雪运动损伤患者的一般情况、临床特征及治疗方式进行总结分析, 以期为冰雪运动的医疗保障提供经验。方法回顾性分析2018年11月至2022年3月期间因冰雪运动损伤就诊于新疆维吾尔自治区中医医院骨科的147例患者资料。分类统计患者的基本信息、损伤部位、损伤类型、致伤原因、住院时间及治疗方式, 采用χ^(2)检验比较不同年龄段患者的损伤部位和损伤类型, 非参数Kruskal-Wallis检验比较不同年龄段骨折患者的住院时间。结果 147例患者149处损伤中, 男73例, 女74例;年龄(27.8±15.6)岁。损伤部位前3位:下肢(36.91%, 55/149)、上肢(31.54%, 47/149)、头面部(14.77%, 22/149)。损伤类型前3位:骨折(61.90%, 91/147)、皮肤软组织损伤(14.97%, 22/147)、韧带损伤(10.20%, 15/147)。主要致伤原因包括摔伤(58.50%, 86/147)、扭伤(20.41%, 30/147)、撞伤(19.73%, 29/147)。91例骨折患者中55例(60.44%, 55/91)行手术治疗, 32例(35.16%, 32/91)行闭合复位石膏或支具外固定治疗;22例软组织损伤患者中8例(36.36%, 8/22)行手术治疗;15例韧带损伤患者中7例(46.67%, 7/15)行手术治疗。147例患者的住院时间为6.0(4.0, 9.0)d。不同年龄段患者的损伤部位、损伤类型, 以及不同年龄段骨折患者的住院时间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论青年人是新疆地区冬季冰雪运动受伤最多的群体, 不同年龄段患者的损伤部位、损伤类型及住院时间有所不同, 骨折是最常见的损伤类型。应充分认识到冰雪运动的危险性并穿戴好合适的运动护具, 避免高风险动作;医生在制定具体诊疗方案时要综合考虑患者的年龄、损伤部位和损伤类型。

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and treatment methods of the patients who suffered from ice and snow sports injuries in Xinjiang in winter so that useful information can be provided for medical service for ice and snow sports.Methods A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 147 patients who had sought medical attention for ice and snow sports injuries at Department of Orthopaedics,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from November 2018 to March 2022.The basic information,injury site,injury type,injury cause,length of hospitalization,and treatment methods of the patients were classified and statistically analyzed.Theχ^(2) test was used to compare the injury site and type in patients of different ages,and the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test to compare the length of hospitalization in patients of different ages.Results Of the 147 patients,73 were males and 74 females with an age of(27.8±15.6)years.The top 3 injury sites were the lower limb(36.91%,55/149),the upper limb(31.54%,47/149),and the head and face(14.77%,22/149).The top 3 injury types were fractures(61.90%,91/147),skin and soft tissue lesions(14.97%,22/147),and ligament lesions(10.20%,15/147).The main causes for injury were fall(58.50%,86/147),sprain(20.41%,30/147),and bruise(19.73%,29/147).Of the 91 patients with fractures,55(60.44%,55/91)underwent surgical treatment,and 32(35.16%,32/91)closed reduction and plaster/brace external fixation.Eight of the 22 patients with soft tissue lesions(36.36%,8/22)and 7 of the 15 patients with ligament lesions(46.67%,7/15)underwent surgical treatment.The length of hospitalization for the 147 patients was 6.0(4.0,9.0)d.The differences in injury site and injury type were statistically significant between different age groups of patients,and the length of hospitalization was significantly different between different age groups of fracture patients(P<0.05).Conclusions Young people are the population who suffered from the most injuries due to ice and snow sports in winter in Xinjiang.Injury sites,injury types,and lengths of hospitalization varied with different age groups.Fractures were the most common type of injury.The participants of ice and snow sports should be fully aware that ice and snow sports are highly risky and thus avoid high-risk movements.Doctors should consider the patient's age,injury site,and injury type comprehensively when they formulate specific diagnostic and treatment schemes.