社会空间分异视角下上海相对剥夺空间的影响机制研究

SPACE OF RELATIVE DEPRIVATION AND ITS INFLUENCING MECHANISM IN SHANGHAI FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF SOCIO-SPATIAL SEGREGATION

相对剥夺是社会空间分异研究的重要议题,全球已推行大量居住混合政策作为相对剥夺社区的治理对策。但是,居住混合能否缓解空间的相对剥夺程度仍是国际学界的一个重要争议。本文基于社会空间分异的三维度理论视角,采用空间滞后模型分析了上海5432个社区的相对剥夺程度、空间分布及其影响机制。研究发现:(1)相对剥夺的空间分布呈现“高低高”的“三明治”格局,高剥夺空间集中在城市的中心和边缘。(2)在控制社区人口学与地理因素后,居住混合程度仍与相对剥夺程度呈显著负相关关系。(3)住房产权制度是社会空间分异的核心影响因素,城中村、自然村和保障性租赁住房是典型的相对剥夺空间。本文认为社会空间治理政策应向相对剥夺程度较高的社区倾斜,通过居住混合促进城市空间均衡发展。

Space of relative deprivation has been a focal point in researching socio-spatial segregation. To cope with relative deprivation, a series of urban policies have been implemented to promote housing mix across different countries and regions. However, whether housing mix can act as a solution to address the increased socio-spatial segregation remains a debatable topic in the latest geographical studies. Against this background, this research investigates the relationship between housing mix and deprivation at the neighbourhood level, from which to contribute a more nuanced understanding of the influencing mechanisms of relative deprivation. Three theoretical lenses are introduced, elucidating mechanisms of socio-spatial segregation from social, economic and instructional dimensions. In this research, data from the six Census of Shanghai was employed, covering 5432 spatial units of neighbourhoods. Three main conclusions can be drawn from our results: first, the spatial distribution of relative deprivation at the citywide level presents a "sandwich" pattern of "high-low-high", with the highly deprived spaces confined to the centre and the periphery;second, with demographic, socioeconomic and geographical factors held constant, housing mix is negatively correlated with the neighbourhood deprivation level;and third, housing tenure types are the core factors that underscore the processes of socio-spatial segregation. Meanwhile, urban villages, peripheral villages, and affordable rental housing are three types of relatively deprived space.