种植业生态补偿的实践进展、关键问题与推进对策

Eco-compensation for Planting Industry:Progress,Problems,and Measures

推进种植业生态补偿是农业绿色可持续发展和实现农民增收的重要方式。当前,我国涉及种植业的生态补偿研究多处于学术探讨阶段,并且尚未形成统一的内涵界定,在实践层面的进展总体处于前期探索阶段,主要表现在轮作休耕、秸秆综合利用和农药包装物补偿三个方面。对标新发展阶段的战略要求,种植业生态补偿推进仍面临较多难题,主要包括补偿机制缺乏顶层设计、补偿范围狭窄、补偿标准不完善和补偿资金投入主体单一等。美国、欧盟和日本等发达经济体的种植业生态补偿制度实施时间较长,一些经验可适当借鉴。由此,基于我国种植业生态补偿推进阶段、现存问题及经验借鉴,提出加强种植业生态补偿机制的顶层设计、拓宽种植业生态补偿范围、完善种植业生态补偿标准、建立多元化的生态补偿资金投入机制、增加种植业生态补偿机制的弹性等对策建议。

The eco-compensation for the planting industry is an important way to accelerate the green and sustainable development of agriculture and increase farmers' income.Currently,the research on eco-compensation for the planting industry in China is limited to academic discussion,without a widely accepted definition.The practice in this field is mainly reflected in three aspects:crop rotation and fallow,comprehensive utilization of straw,and pesticide packaging.In the new development stage,the implementation of eco-compensation for the planting industry faces problems such as the lack of top-level design of the compensation mechanism,the narrow compensation scope,the unsound compensation standard,and limited compensation fund sources.The eco-compensation for the planting industry has been implemented for a long time in the United States,Europe,and Japan,and we can draw from their experience.After fully considering the development stage,problems,and experience,this study puts forward the measures to promote eco-compensation for the planting industry.These measures include establishing the top-level design,widening the compensation scope,improving the compensation standard,diversifying the compensation fund sources,and building a flexible mechanism of compensation.