考虑冲击载荷的汽车安全座椅碰撞防护分析

Analysis of Collision Protection for Automotive Safety Seats Considering Impact Load

优化汽车安全座椅的碰撞防护性能,可以减少碰撞时驾乘人员的受伤程度,降低交通事故的伤亡率,为此提出冲击载荷下汽车安全座椅碰撞防护性能仿真方法。针对安全座椅零部件材料特点,构建汽车安全座椅有限元模型,利用多刚体动力学分析软件构建有限元-座椅安全带模型,通过区间二分法设定汽车初始位置、汽车安全座椅坐垫的初始状态以及分析应力情况,并通过非线性有限元动力学分析软件实行正向碰撞、侧向碰撞与后侧碰撞仿真分析。仿真结果表明,碰撞过程中假人的头部加速度、胸部加速度仿真结果与实际结果基本一致,验证了所提方法的防护性能研究结果精度较高,可以为汽车安全座椅防碰撞研究提供可靠依据。

Optimizing the collision protection of safety seats can reduce the degree of injury to drivers and passengers during collisions,as well as the casualty rate of traffic accidents.In this paper,a simulation for the collision protection of safety seats under impact loads was proposed.According to the material characteristics of the parts of the safety seat,we built a finite element model of the safety seat,and used the multi-body dynamics analysis to construct a finite element-seat belt model.Then,we determined the initial position of the car,and the initial state of the safety seat cushion,and analyzed the stress situation by the Interval dichotomy.Meanwhile,we performed the simulation analysis on forward collision,lateral collision and rear collision through the nonlinear finite element dynamics analysis software.Simulation results prove that the head acceleration and chest acceleration of the dummy during the collision are basically consistent with the actual results,which verifies the high accuracy of the protective performance of the proposed method,so the method can provide a reliable basis for the study of collision prevention of safety seat.