《究竟大悲經》新考——兼論P.2020粟特文殘卷之性質

The Sutra of Ultimate Compassion Revisited

《究竟大悲經》是隋代或初唐在中國以漢文寫成的一部僞托爲佛説的經典,在文體與思想上都頗有趣味。這部僞經已失傳,但歷史上曾經有過廣泛而深遠的影響。所以,敦煌、吐魯番出土的漢文文獻中,有一定數量可以比定爲《究竟大悲經》的寫卷;而且,敦煌藏經洞出土一號粟特文殘卷(P.2020)中也有相關的内容。可見,這部僞經不僅在漢地流行,粟特人也曾翻譯與閲讀它。本文基於出土文獻,探討《究竟大悲經》的文本流傳史。在梳理漢文殘卷與引文的基礎之上,筆者試圖對粟特文殘卷的性質提出新的假説,即P.2020爲粟特文《究竟大悲經》抄。

The Sutra of Ultimate Compassion(Chin.Jiujing da bei jing;henceforth SUC)is a Buddhist apocryphon composed in China under the Sui or early Tang Dynasty(late 6^(th)or early 7^(th)cent.CE),which is intriguing in terms of both literary style and philosophical thought.This Buddhist apocryphon is now lost to history,but its sphere of influence was once wide and far-reaching.Among the Chinese manuscripts unearthed from Dunhuang and Turfan,a certain number of fragments can be identified as parts of the SUC;in addition,a Sogdian scroll(i.e.,P.2020)discovered at the Library Cave in Dunhuang turns out to be in some way related to the SUC.Those manuscript finds not only testify to the popularity that this text enjoyed in Chinese Buddhism,but also shed light on the rarely known history of its reception among the Sogdians.The present paper investigates the transmission history of the SUC based on philological evidence.Scrutinizing the various textual witnesses,the author ventures a new hypothesis about the nature of the Sogdian material:namely,that P.2020 is an epitome of the SUC in Sogdian translation.