新发展阶段人口高质量发展的机理、困境与路径

Mechanism,Predicament,and Pathways for High-quality Development of Population in the New Development Stage

进入新发展阶段,我国人口发展呈现出少子化、老龄化、区域人口增减分化的趋势性特征。人口红利不是永恒的经济增长源泉,要正确认识人口发展新常态,加快以人口高质量发展支撑中国式现代化。人口高质量发展是推动经济和社会高质量发展的具体要求、是构建新发展格局的现实选择、是促进共同富裕的基础支撑。在新发展阶段推动人口高质量发展仍面临人口负增长的经济困境、人才队伍的结构性短缺、人口结构的少子老龄化趋势、人口分布的城乡阻碍与区域失衡等现实问题,因而,需要进一步推动人口高质量发展激发经济活力,提升人口综合素质增加高质量劳动力供给,以“一老一小”为重点完善人口服务体系,统筹人口与经济社会、资源环境的区域协调发展。

In the new development stage,the country's population development is characterized by trends of declining birth rates,aging population,and regional disparities in population growth.The demographic dividend is not an eternal source of economic growth.It is essential to correctly understand the new normal of population development and accelerate the support of Chinese-style modernization with high-quality population development.High-quality population development is a specific requirement for promoting high-quality economic and social development,a realistic choice for building a new development pattern,and a fundamental support for achieving common prosperity.In the new stage of development,China still faces challenges such as the economic dilemma of negative population growth,structural shortages in the talent pool,trends of aging and declining birth rates,and the issues of urban-rural barriers and regional imbalances in population distribution.Therefore,it is necessary to further promote high-quality population development to enhance economic vitality,improve the overall quality of the population to increase the supply of high-quality labor,focus on the elderly and children to improve the population service system,and coordinate regional development of population,economy,society,resources,and the environment.