大学生自杀意念及其近端风险因素的短期动态变化探索:基于自杀人际理论

Exploration of the Short-term Dynamic Variation in Suicidal Ideation and Its Risk Factors among College Students:Based on Interpersonal Theory of Suicide

目的:基于自杀人际理论探索归属受挫、累赘感知、绝望及自杀意念在短时间内的动态变化特征,并检验归属受挫、累赘感知、绝望对自杀意念及其变化的预测效力。方法:采用方便取样对天津市各高校正在接受心理咨询的31名来访者进行为期7天、每天5次的生态瞬时评估。结果:30名被试的自杀意念在短时间发生了较大的动态变化,所有被试的归属受挫、累赘感知和绝望均发生了动态变化。自杀意念及其近端风险因素的时间序列图均呈现锯齿状变化模式。在同一时刻,三个风险因素与自杀意念呈显著正相关。绝望和归属受挫是预测下一时刻自杀意念水平作用显著的因素。控制上一时刻的自杀意念后,对预测自杀意念的变化具有显著作用的因素为归属受挫。结论:大学生的自杀意念和绝望、累赘感知、归属受挫可能存在动态变化的特点,绝望和归属受挫对下一时刻的自杀意念预测作用显著,归属受挫对短时间内自杀意念的变化预测作用显著。

Objective:To explore the dynamic variation characteristics of thwarted belongingness,perceived burdensomeness,hopelessness proposed by the interpersonal theory and suicidal ideation over a short time among college students,as well as test the predictive effectiveness on suicidal ideation and its variation.Methods:Selected by convenient sampling method,thirty-one visitors from universities in Tianjin who were receiving psychological counseling at mental health center were recruited for this study,and ecological momentary assessments were conducted for seven days,five times a day.Results:Suicidal ideation in 30 participants underwent a strong dynamic change over a short period of time,with all participants experiencing dynamic changes in thwarted belongingness,perceived burdensomeness,and hopelessness.All of their time series plots showed saw-tooth pattern,and none of them showed regular pattern over time.The three risk factors showed significant positive correlation with suicidal ideation respectively at the same moment.Hopelessness and thwarted belongingness significantly predicted suicidal ideation at the next moment.When suicidal ideation at the previous moment controlled,the variation in suicidal ideation was only significantly predicted by thwarted belongingness.Conclusion:Suicidal ideation as well as thwarted belongingness,perceived burdensomeness,hopelessness among college students might be all dynamic in a short time.Hopelessness and thwarted belongingness can significantly predict suicidal ideation at the next moment,and thwarted belongingness can significantly predict the variation in suicidal ideation over a short time.