血管腔内抗感染移植物新材料的研究进展

Review on research of new materials for anti-infective vascular endograft

目的回顾抗感染移植物材料的研究现状,分析其应用前景,以期为血管腔内抗感染移植物研发提供启示。方法检索国内外有关血管腔内抗感染移植物相关的研究并进行综述。结果移植物的抗感染能力主要通过主体材料改性、表面改性和两者结合的途径实现。在主体材料改性方面,以金属(如镁、锌)、生物衍生材料(如壳聚糖、丝素蛋白和细菌纤维素)、人工合成高分子材料(如石墨烯及其衍生物、聚氨酯和聚乳酸)为主体加入其他材料形成具有抗菌性的复合材料(如Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr合金、细菌纤维素/甲壳素纳米晶体复合材料、壳聚糖/丝素蛋白复合材料等);在表面改性方面,无机涂层(如银、铜和氮化物)以及有机涂层(如抗生素、抗菌肽和抗感染聚合物)也在试验中展示出了良好的抗菌效果。结论如何通过纳米等技术综合各个材料的优点,合成既有普通移植物所具备的机械性能,又有细胞、血液相容性和抗菌性的复合移植物材料是未来的研究焦点;同时,如何合成能够稳定、长时间抗感染并且还有抗细菌生物膜性能的涂层也是未来研发的重要方向。

Objective To review the research status of anti-infective graft materials and analyze their application prospects,in order to provide inspiration for the development of anti-infective vascular endograft.Method The research on endovascular anti-infective grafts at home and abroad was reviewed.Results The anti-infective capability of endovascular graft could be achieved through main approaches like modification of the bulk material,surface modification,or a combination of both.In terms of bulk material modification,this paper delved into the creation of antibacterial composite materials by incorporating other materials into primary materials like metals(such as Mg,Zn),biologically derived materials(such as chitosan,silk fibroin,bacterial cellulose),and synthetic polymers(such as graphene and its derivatives,polyurethane,polylactic acid).Examples included Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr alloy,bacterial cellulose/chitosan nanocrystal composites,and chitosan/silk fibroin composites.For surface modifications,inorganic coatings(such as silver,copper,and nitrides)and organic coatings(such as antibiotics,antimicrobial peptides,and anti-infection polymers)had shown promising antibacterial effects in experiments.Conclusions The future research focus is how to synthesize the composite graft material with the mechanical properties of ordinary graft and the cell,blood compatibility and antibacterial properties through nano technology.At the same time,how to synthesize coatings with stable long-term antiinfection and anti-bacterial biofilm performance is also considered to be an important direction of future research.