合成生物学的发展与中美之比较

The Development of Synthetic Biology:Comparison between China and the United States

合成生物学是一个快速发展的前沿学科和备受关注的产业领域,合成生物学标志着人类认识和理解生命实现了从“格物致知”→“建物致知”→“建物致用”的跃升[1-3]。文章介绍了合成生物学的主要内容、作用和基础技术;详细介绍了美国在合成生物学领域的全面布局,中国在合成生物学领域的政策和布局。文章还比较了中、美两国在合成生物学及其产业发展的差异,并为中国合成生物学及生物经济的未来发展提供了建议。美国对合成生物学有着较早的认识,并首次提出了其概念。时至今日,在资源、环境、生态、医学、医疗保健等领域做了许多工作,并取得了可观的成果,美国的“促进可持续、安全和安全的美国生物经济的生物技术和生物制造创新”行政命令概述了满足健康、气候变化、能源、粮食安全、农业、供应链弹性以及国家和经济安全,国家生物技术和生物制造倡议也已启动,以确保美国本土生物经济的发展,建立更强大的供应链,创造新的就业机会,并为美国的气候目标做出贡献。中国对合成生物学的认识比美国晚了7~10年左右,但在国家重视的前提下,相关科技部门和领导发布了多个文件推动合成生物学研究,成立了一批从事合成生物学研究的机构,并逐渐发表了许多该领域的科学研究文章。中国的“十四五”规划概述了合成生物学研究及其实际应用和产业应用的快速发展文件和初步规划,促进了生物经济的发展。

Synthetic biology is a fast-growing frontier discipline and an industry field that has attracted much attention.Synthetic biology marks the leap of humanity's knowledge and understanding of life from“learning from things”→“learning from building”→“building for use”~([1-3]).In this paper,the main contents,functions and basic techniques of synthetic biology have been introduced.The comprehensive layout of the United States in the field of synthetic biology and the policy and layout of China in the field of synthetic biology are introduced in detail.This paper also compares the differences between China and the United States in synthetic biology and its industrial development.The United States had an earlier understanding of synthetic biology and first proposed of its concept.To this day,many efforts have been made in resources,environment,ecology,medicine,medical care,and other fields,and considerable results have been achieved,while new vision for promoting biotechnology and bio-manufacturing outlines the fundamental and application-oriented research and development needs required to meet innovative solutions in health,climate change,energy,food security,agriculture,supply chain elasticity,and national and economic security.A National Biotechnology and Bio-manufactu-ring Initiative has also been launched to ensure the development of the domestic bio-economy,building a stronger supply chain,create new job opportunities,and contribute to the United States'climate goals.China's understanding of synthetic biology is about 7~10 years later than that of the United States,but under the premise of national attention,relevant scientific and technological departments and leaders have released multiple documents to promote synthetic biology research,established a number of institutions for conducting synthetic biology research,and gradually published many scientific research articles in this field.The 14th Five Year Plan of China has outlined the documents and preliminary plans for the rapid development of synthetic biology research,and its practical and industrial application,promoting the development of bio-economy.About the future of synthetic biology industry and bio-economy in China,it is suggested the relevant research and development and regulatory system still needs to be built and strengthened.