土壤-作物系统重金属前处理和检测技术研究进展

Research Progress in Heavy Metal Pre-Treatment and Detection Techniques in Soil Crop System

良好的土壤-作物系统管理能够提高作物产量,促进农业可持续发展。然而,工农业生产活动可能会导致土壤-作物系统重金属污染,进而对人们的身体健康构成潜在威胁。因此对土壤-作物系统中重金属含量的检测进行研究十分必要。本文概述了土壤和农作物中重金属前处理技术湿消解法、微波消解法、干灰化法和压力罐消解法,着重介绍了X射线荧光光谱分析法、火焰原子吸收光谱法、石墨炉原子吸收光谱法、原子荧光光谱法、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法和电感耦合等离子体质谱法的方法原理、应用实例和优缺点,以期为土壤-作物系统中重金属污染风险评估和管控提供一定的理论支撑和参考。

Good management of the soil crop system can increase crop yield and promote sustainable agricultural development.However,industrial and agricultural production activities may lead to heavy metal pollution in the soil crop system,posing a potential threat to people’s physical health.Therefore,it is necessary to conduct research on the detection of heavy metal content in the soil crop system.This article provides an overview of the pre-treatment techniques for heavy metals in soil and crops,including wet digestion,microwave digestion,dry ashing,and pressure vessel digestion.It focuses on the principles of X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,flame atomic absorption spectroscopy,graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy,atomic fluorescence spectroscopy,inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy,and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in detection techniques application examples and advantages and disadvantages,to provide theoretical support and reference for the risk assessment and control of heavy metal pollution in the soil crop system.