引戏、末泥色之文物图像考辨

The Depiction of Yinxi and Moni in Cultural Relic Images

引戏和末泥在戏剧文物中的形象如何分辨,是学界至今尚未解决的一个重要问题。以人物服饰为切入点并结合脚色的职能和流变进行考证,可以得知,引戏色通常头戴东坡巾,身穿盘领(方领)窄袖长袍,腰系带,手持竹竿,在剧中作文人装束,负责引导演员、为观众讲解等事务;末泥色多戴幞头,穿盘领(方领)窄袖长袍,手中持扇,作宫廷执事人员的装束,在戏外管理领导杂剧部色,在戏内以歌舞表演为职能。引戏、末泥在文物图像中的形象明确后,不但对今后分辨引戏和末泥形象提供了重要参考,也为研究他们的渊源、职能、演变等问题提供了新的证据和思路。

How to distinguish the image of Yinxi and Moni in the cultural relics of drama is an important problem that has not yet been solved.Based on the character's costume and combined with the function and evolution of Jiaose,it can be observed that Yinxi usually wears a Dongpo scarf,a round collar(or square collar)narrow sleeve robe,a waist belt,and holds a bamboo pole.They dress up as literati and are responsible for guiding actors,explaining to the audience,and handling other affairs.On the other hand,Moni wears a Futou headwear,a round collar(or square collar)narrow sleeve robe,and holds a fan in hand.They dress as court clerks,manage and lead the actors outside the play,and perform songs and dances within the play.The clear depiction of Yinxi and Moni in the cultural relic images not only provides an important reference for distinguishing their images in the future but also offers new evidence and ideas for studying their origin,function,and evolution.