基于网络舆情视角分析我国外来生物入侵问题

Analysis of alien species invasion in China based on the perspective of network public opinions

外来生物入侵已成为全球面临的生态安全与生物安全重大问题,而我国是全球遭遇外来入侵生物危害最严重的国家之一。针对目前我国外来生物入侵高发、频发的现状,充分发挥网络舆情大数据监测与分析能力,解析近年来我国外来生物入侵舆情发展、传播路径与特征,并提出应对措施和建议,为开展防控治理工作提供基础数据支撑。该文基于网络舆情大数据,采用主题抽取、热点话题识别、情感倾向分析、舆情演化分析等技术,重点梳理自2000年以来的重要网络外来生物入侵舆情事件,归纳总结舆情演变过程,分析提炼舆情特征规律;并将我国外来生物入侵网络舆情的发展大致分为萌芽阶段、发酵阶段和爆发阶段3个阶段,综合分析舆情特征,发现当前网民对外来入侵生物的态度趋于理性,参与外来入侵生物防治意愿高涨;媒体报道调性以正向为主,舆论引导力提升;监察部门积极发挥监察职能,通过公益诉讼参与外来入侵生物治理,整体舆论形势向好,已经构建了政府-媒体-公众多元治理的良性互动格局。

Alien species invasion has become a major ecological and biosecurity issue in the world,and China is one of the countries that suffers the most from invasive alien species.In view of the current situation of high and frequent invasion of alien species in China,full leverage was applied to the monitoring and analytic capability of network public opinion big data to scrutinize the development,dissemination paths and characteristics of public opinions on invasive alien species in China in recent years,and put forward suggestions on countermeasures,so as to provide basic data support for their prevention,control and management.Based on online public opinion big data,this research adopts the techniques of theme extraction,hot topic identification,emotional tendency analysis,and public opinion evolution analysis.It focuses on sorting out the internet public opinion incidents of invasive alien species since 2000,summarizes the change process of public opinions,and analyzes and refines the characteristics and rules of public opinions;it also roughly classifies the development of China's online public opinions of invasive alien species into three stages:the budding stage,the fermentation stage,and the outbreak stage of public opinion.A comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of public opinions found that the current attitude of netizens towards alien invasive species tends to be more rational,and the willingness of participation in alien species invasions to control alien species is rising;the tone of media reports is mainly positive,and the guidance of public opinion has been improved;the supervisory department actively plays its functional role and participates in the management of invasive alien species through public interest litigation.The overall public opinion situation is improving,and a positive interactive pattern of government-media-public multi-governance has been established.