澳大利亚外来昆虫组成及区系

The species composition and realms of alien insects in Australia

为明确澳大利亚外来昆虫物种组成及入侵区系,以在线数据库、公开发表文献以及图书等资料为数据源集成澳大利亚外来昆虫数据集,对其物种组成、原产地、空间分布、传入途径进行统计分析。结果显示,收集的澳大利亚外来昆虫数据集共包括382种,隶属于8目78科277属。鞘翅目昆虫的种类最多,有325种,其中象甲科昆虫最多,有74种,其次是隐翅甲科和叶甲科昆虫,分别有27种和20种。澳大利亚外来昆虫主要来源于亚洲,占外来昆虫原产地总记录频次的28.47%,其次是欧洲和非洲,占比分别为19.79%和16.32%。整体上来看,澳大利亚外来昆虫丰富度呈现东高西低的空间分布格局,密度呈现东南密西北疏的格局;从传入途径来看,无意传入的昆虫占91.89%,有意传入的昆虫占8.11%,且主要通过运输污染物和运输偷运物2种途径无意传入。基于澳大利亚外来昆虫现状,考虑我国在全球气候变化背景下面临的跨境生物入侵威胁,建议我国在外来物种入侵防控工作中加大口岸检疫监管力度,规范引种管理,同时加强防范入侵的宣传教育。

To clarify the species composition and invasion realms of alien insects in Australia,this research conducted a statistical analysis on the species composition,origins,spatial distribution and introduction pathways based on online databases,public documents,and books.The results revealed a total of 382 alien insect species across eight orders,78 families,and 277 genera in the databases.Coleoptera was the largest group,comprising 325 alien species,with Curculionidae playing a key role with 74 species.Following that,Staphylinidae and Chrysomelidae were the next largest groups with 27 and 20 alien species,respectively.The main origin of alien insects in Australia was Asia,accounting for 28.47%of the total recorded frequency,followed by Europe and Africa at 19.79%and 16.32%,respectively.The spatial pattern indicated higher species richness in the eastern region and lower species richness in the west.Southeast regions exhibited higher species density compared to northwest regions.Regarding pathways,91.89%of alien insects were introduced through unintentional pathways,while 8.11%were intentionally introduced.Transport-containment and transport-stowaway were the two dominant unintentional pathways.Considering the current situation of alien insects in Australia and recognizing the threat of biological invasion faced by China in the context of global environmental changes,it is sug gested that the Chinese government strengthen port quarantine supervision,standardize the introduction process,and enhance public education to prevent biological invasions.