急、慢性肾损伤患者血清中生物标志物的研究与验证

Study and validation of biomarkers in serum of patients with acute and chronic kidney injury

目的:探讨血清中中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin,NGAL)及其他生物标志物在急、慢性肾损伤患者中的临床应用价值。方法:选取2022年1月~2023年7月在广州市中山大学附属第三医院就诊的急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury,AKI)患者171例及慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)患者209例。收集各组成员的钾(K)、钠(Na)、氯(Cl)、二氧化碳(CO_(2))、尿素(Urea)和葡萄糖(GLU)数据。选取同时期健康体检者94例作为健康对照组,并用胶乳免疫比浊法检测3组成员血清中的NGAL水平。分析血清NGAL和其他生物标志物在鉴定急性和慢性肾损伤中的诊断有效性。采用多因素logistic回归方程分析影响AKI和CKD患者发生的因素。此外,还构建了受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线,以评估这些生物标志物在肾损伤患者中的临床意义。结果:通过生物信息学分析,提示NGAL可能是肾损伤的检测标志物。一般资料显示,在AKI组及CKD组中,K、Na、CO_(2)、Urea、GLU和NGAL水平均高于健康对照组(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归方程分析显示,Na、Urea、GLU和NGAL水平均为AKI或者CKD疾病发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,在AKI组中,Na、Urea、GLU和NGAL的曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)分别为0.711、0.960、0.793和0.841(P<0.01);在CKD组中,Na、Urea、GLU和NGAL的AUC分别为0.681、0.990、0.703和0.930(P<0.01)。NGAL和Urea联合诊断AKI的灵敏度和特异性分别是81.9%和61.1%,诊断CKD的灵敏度和特异性分别是62.7%和80.0%。结论:血清NGAL可作为急、慢性肾损伤的指标,联合其他生物标志物在急、慢性肾损伤中也有一定的临床应用价值。

AIM:The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical utility of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL)and other biomarkers in serum for patients with acute and chronic kidney injury.METHODS:A total of 171 patients with acute kidney injury(AKI)and 209 patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD)who sought medical care at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou between January 2022 and July 2023 were included in this study.Data on potassium(K),sodium(Na),chloride(Cl),carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),urea(Urea),and glucose(GLU)were collected from each group of participants.A total of 94 individuals who were deemed healthy and had undergone physical examinations within the same time frame were chosen as the control group.The serum NGAL levels of all three groups were measured using latex immunoturbidimetry.The diagnostic effectiveness of serum NGAL and other biomarkers in identifying acute and chronic kidney injury was analyzed.Multiple logistic regression equations were employed to examine the factors influencing the occurrence of AKI and CKD in patients.Additionally,receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were constructed to evaluate the clinical significance of these biomarkers in patients with kidney injury.RESULTS:Through bioinformatic analysis,it was suggested that NGAL may be a detection marker of kidney injury.According to general data,in the AKI and the CKD groups,K,Na,CO_(2),Urea,GLU and NGAL levels were higher than those in the healthy control group(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression equation analysis showed that Na,Urea,GLU and NGAL levels were all independent risk factors for AKI or CKD disease occurrence(P<0.05).The ROC curve analysis showed that in the AKI group,the area under the curve(AUC)for Na,Urea,GLU and NGAL were 0.711,0.960,0.793 and 0.841,respectively(P<0.01).In the CKD group,the AUC for Na,Urea,GLU and NGAL were 0.681,0.990,0.703 and 0.930,respectively(P<0.01).The sensitivity and specificity of NGAL and Urea combined diagnosis for AKI were 81.9%and 61.1%,respectively,and those for CKD were 62.7%and 80.0%,respectively.CONCLUSION:Serum NGAL can serve as an indicator of acute and chronic kidney injury,and its combination with other biomarkers also has certain clinical application value in acute and chronic kidney injury.