316L不锈钢车削用刀片的槽型结构对切削性能的影响

Influence of Groove Structure of 316L Stainless Steel Turning Inserts on Cutting Performance

316L具有优良的耐腐蚀性能,是目前较为广泛应用的奥氏体不锈钢。本文以316L不锈钢为研究对象,选择EM(大前角)、SM3(小反屑角)、MM(小前角)、SF(大反屑角)等四款槽型结构的硬质合金刀片,在半精加工的加工参数下进行切削加工,研究不锈钢车削刀片不同槽型几何结构对切削性能的影响规律。结果表明:EM和MM刀片切削力相对最低,刀片槽型反屑角越小,切削力越小,结合槽型特征说明合理的双前角设计利于减小切削力;刀片的断屑能力主要与反屑角的大小以及进给量有关,在不引起切削力显著增大的前提下,将反屑角设计在20°左右,可以获得良好的断屑性能;MM刀片在小进给和切削深度下加工表面粗糙度较好,但受到工艺参数显著影响,EM刀片加工表面粗糙度最佳且稳定;从四种刀片的磨损情况来看,EM刀片在半精加工的工艺参数下抗磨损性能最佳。

316L has excellent corrosion resistance and is currently the most widely used austenitic stainless steel.In this paper,316L stainless steel was taken as the research object,and four cemented carbide inserts of EM(large rake angle),SM3(small chip angle),MM(small rake angle,and SF(large chip angle)with different groove structures were selected to be processed under the parameters of semi-finishing machining.The influence of different groove structures of stainless steel turning inserts on cutting performance was studied.The results show that the EM and MM inserts have the lowest cutting force.A smaller chip angle of the insert groove indicates a lower cutting force.Combined with the characteristics of the groove,it shows that the reasonable double rake angle design is conducive to reducing the cutting force,and the chip breaking ability of the inserts is mainly related to the size of the chip angle and the feed.In addition,when the chip angle is designed at 20°,good chip breaking performance can be obtained without causing a significant increase in the cutting force.The MM insert has good surface roughness under small feed and cutting depth,but it is significantly affected by the process parameters.The surface roughness of the EM insert is the most stable.According to the wear of the four inserts,the EM insert has the best anti-wear performance under the process parameters of semi-finishing machining.