基于二维代理模型的风力机尾流计算和风电场布局优化

WIND TURBINE WAKE CALCULATION AND WIND FARM LAYOUTOPTIMIZATION BASED ON TWO-DIMENSIONAL AGENT MODEL

针对现有风力机尾流采用计算流体力学方法(CFD)进行数值模拟遇到的网格数量多、计算资源需求大的问题,提出采用二维代理模型的风力机尾流数值模拟方法,并将此代理模型运用于风电场的布局优化中。首先对单台风力机的尾流进行数值模拟研究,并根据现场实测数据对模拟结果进行检验;其次将代理模型运用于多台风力机的风电场模拟中,分析风力机在不同来流风向角下尾流效应情况。最后结合风速风向玫瑰图计算多台等距矩形布置的风电场的年发电量,分析风电场与N(北)方向的夹角与风电场年发电量的关系。仿真表明:现场实测数据和模拟数据相关程度高且误差较小,验证了二维代理模型的可行性和计算结果的准确性。风电场与N(北)方向的夹角在0°~40°范围内时,夹角大于0°时的风电场年发电量均大于夹角等于0°时的年发电量;风电场布局优化时选择合适的风电场与N(北)方向的夹角有利于提高风电场的年发电量,提高经济效益。

Aiming at the problems encountered in the numerical simulation of the existing wind turbine wake using computational fluid dynamics method(CFD)of large number of grids and large computional resource requirments,this paper proposes a numerical simulation method of wind turbine wake using two-dimensional agent model,and applies this agent model to the layout optimization of wind farms.Firstly,the wake flow of a single wind turbine is simulated numerically,and the simulation results are tested according to the field measurement data.Secondly,the agent model is applied to the wind farm simulation of multiple wind turbines to analyze the tailing effect of the wind turbine under different incoming wind angles.Finally,the annual power generation of multiple equidistant rectangular arrangement wind farms is calculated by combining the wind speed and wind direction rose plot,and the relationship between the angle between the wind farm and the N(north)direction and the annual power generation of the wind farm is analyzed.Simulation results show that the field measured data and simulated data are highly correlated,which verifies the feasibility of the twodimensional agent model and the accuracy of the calculation results.When the angle between the wind farm and the N(north)direction is in the range of 0°to 40°,the annual power generation of the wind farm when the angle is greater than 0°is greater than that when the angle is equal to 0°.When optimizing the layout of wind farms,choosing the angle between the appropriate wind farm and the N(north)direction is conducive to improving the annual power generation of the wind farm and improving economic benefits.