面向全球南方的人才竞争加剧

Competing for Talent on the Battlefield of the Global South

半个多世纪以前,学生国际流动开始受到大学的关注,包括师生和科研人员在内的人才流失被认为对人才来源国造成直接损失。21世纪以来,人才流失成为全球人才流动的常见模式,人才流入和人才环流两个概念的出现意味着人才流动可能具有积极意义。虽然海外分校、特许经营项目、“三明治课程”一定程度上帮助全球南方国家获得发展,全球北方国家的主流政策仍致力于提高国际学生的居留率,以增加其熟练劳动力数量,进而促进经济发展和应对人口老龄化。对六个北方国家的大学教师教育经历与职业流动情况的研究也发现,近年来六国拥有南方国家教育经历的大学教师比率不断增加,且跨国攻读博士学位是学术人才流失的主要通道,再次证明南方国家学术人才流失的加剧。

More than half a century ago,universities worldwide began to focus on student mobility,and the “brain drain”,including students and academics,was considered to cause direct losses to their countries of origin.Brain drain has become a normal pattern of global mobility in the 21st century,and the emergence of the two concepts of“brain gain”and“brain circulation”suggests that global mobility may have positive dimensions.Although branch campuses,franchise program,and sandwich program contribute to the Global South development,policies implemented by governments of the Global North aim to improve the stay rate of international students,to increase the number of skilled labor,and further contribute to their economies and compensate for the greying of their societies.The study of university teachers' education experience and career mobility in six Global North countries also finds that in recent years,the ratio of university teachers in these countries with education experience in Global South countries has been on the rise.One of the primary means of this academic brain drain is through transnational doctoral study,which once again proves that the escalation of academic brain drain in Global South countries.