区域协调发展背景下中国高学历人才的时空分异研究

Spatiotemporal differentiation of highly educated talents in China under the background of regional coordinated development

不断优化人才布局有利于更好地实施新时代区域协调发展战略。本研究基于第五、六、七次人口普查及《中国城市统计年鉴》(2000、2010、2020年)等数据,结合GIS空间分析、计量模型等方法探析中国高学历人才的时空演化规律及影响因素。研究结果显示:整体上,中国高学历人才分布极度不平衡,呈现明显的正向空间自相关格局。局部上,逐渐形成了长三角、珠三角高-高型以及西部低-低型高学历人才聚集区;低-高型集聚城市分布在高-高型集聚城市的周边;西部部分省会城市具有显著的高-低型集聚特征。回归分析结果看,经济机会、公共服务、教育环境都与高学历人才密度存在显著的正相关关系,并且这种关系随着时间的推移逐渐增强,社会环境、政策环境对高学历人才分布存在一定的影响,表面工业污染和绿化率不会影响高学历人才的分布。

Continuously optimizing the strategic layout of talents is conducive to better implementing the regional coordinated development strategy in the new era.Based on the data of the fifth,sixth and seventh population censuses and the China Urban Statistical Yearbook,this study combined with GIS spatial analysis and econometric models to explore the spatio-temporal evolution and influencing factors of the highly educated talents in China.The research shows that,on the whole,the distribution of highly educated talents in China is extremely unbalanced,with a trend of“northeast to southwest”,showing an obvious positive spatial autocorrelation pattern.Locally,it has gradually formed the Yangtze River Delta,Pearl River Delta high-high type and the west low-low type high-educated talent gathering area;Low-high agglomeration cities are distributed around high-high agglomeration cities.Some capital cities in western China have significant high-low clustering characteristics.According to the results of regression analysis,economic opportunity,public service and education environment are significantly positively correlated with the density of highly educated talents,and this relationship is enhanced with the passage of time.Social environment and policy environment have a certain impact on the distribution of highly educated talents,and there is no proof that surface industrial pollution and green rate will affect the distribution of highly educated talents.Finally,the corresponding improvement suggestions are put forward according to the background of district coordinated development.