文化生态系统服务评估在国土空间规划中的应用展望

Prospects for integrating cultural ecosystem services assessment into territorial planning

在国土空间规划中引入文化生态系统服务(Cultural Ecosystem Services,CES)评估,有助于全面认识生态系统服务价值,优化生态空间布局。但是目前缺乏对空间规划中如何运用CES的路径和方法进行系统总结与展望,影响其在国土空间规划中的有效应用。通过梳理近十年来国内外CES评估应用于空间规划的研究进展,结果表明:(1)有关CES形成的理论解释从关系性和交互性视角得到深化,将CES视为人与自然交互的实践和结果,表现为CES在供给方、生产方、需求方和消费方之间的流动。(2)有关CES的概念得到了细化,促进更具操作性和规范性的CES评估理论框架形成。(3)CES评估主要包括评估生态系统服务、生态系统益处和生态系统服务价值三种进路,评估方法主要包括基于空间范围的数据获取方法、基于空间位置的数据获取方法和集成式空间分析评估方法三种。(4)CES评估与规划编制的结合方式主要包括前置于规划编制和融入规划编制全过程两种。中国的国土空间规划编制和管理中应融入CES评估,并为此提出总体思路,以及在规划编制不同阶段的具体应用目的和方法,展望数字化变革带来的潜力。

The incorporation of Cultural Ecosystem Services(CES)assessment into territorial planning facilitates a better understanding of the value of ecosystem services and enhances the optimization of ecological spatial arrangement.However,a systematic synthesis and future prospects regarding the application of CES in spatial planning are lacking,thereby impeding its effective implementation in territorial planning.This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the advancements made in CES assessment within spatial planning,both domestically and internationally,over the past decade.The findings indicate that:(1)The theoretical explanation of CES formation is further enhanced from the perspective of relationship and interaction,which considers CES as the manifestation and outcome of human-nature interplay,specifically manifested in the flow of CES among suppliers,producers,demanders,and consumers.(2)The concepts pertaining to CES have undergone refinement,thereby facilitating the development of a more operational and normative theoretical framework for CES assessment.(3)The current approaches for CES assessment primarily encompass three categories:evaluation of ecosystem services,appraisal of ecosystem benefits,and estimation of ecosystem services value.The assessment methods mainly consist of three types:spatial scale-based data acquisition methods,spatial location-based data acquisition methods,and integrated spatial analysis and assessment methods.(4)The combination of CES assessment and planning preparation encompasses two approaches:preceding planning preparation and integrating throughout the entire process of planning preparation.This paper highlights the necessity of integrating CES assessment into China's territorial planning,emphasizing the overall concept and specific application purposes and methods at different planning stages.Furthermore,it anticipates the potential benefits brought by digital transformation.