中国耕地集约化利用不平衡不充分特征及成因

Characteristics of unbalanced and inadequate intensive use of cultivated land in China and causes

【目的】耕地集约化利用是保障农产品供给安全和耕地可持续利用的有效路径。科学辨析耕地集约化利用不平衡不充分的时空分异特征,精准把握耕地集约化利用存在的短板,对促进耕地资源潜力的挖掘,提升农业生产综合能力具有重要的现实意义。【方法】本文基于投入强度、利用程度、产出效益和持续状况4个维度测度2000—2020年全国及四大区域耕地集约化利用水平,采用Dagum基尼系数探究耕地集约化利用空间不平衡状况及结构来源,运用分位数标准化方法分析耕地集约化利用不充分状况及不平衡不充分的影响因素。【结果】(1)2000—2020年全国及四大区域耕地集约化利用水平差异较为显著,但总体均呈现不断提升的态势,耕地集约化利用程度较低省份对较高省份存在“追赶效应”。(2)全国耕地集约化利用不平衡状况总体呈现缩小态势,耕地集约化利用空间不平衡的主要来源是区域间不平衡,约占7成以上。(3)全国及四大区域耕地集约化利用不充分指数均呈现下降态势,总体不充分指数西部(80.94)>东北(74.33)>全国(68.14)>中部(60.16)>东部(55.72)。(4)耕地利用持续状况是导致全国及东部、中部地区耕地集约化利用不平衡不充分的重要因素,耕地利用投入强度对东北地区耕地集约化利用不平衡不充分影响显著,4个维度对西部地区影响均非常显著,此外各地区主要影响因素的变化均存在向内收敛的趋势。【结论】近20年间全国耕地集约化利用不平衡不充分状况得到一定改善,但区域之间的不平衡不充分状况依然显著,亟需因时因地加强耕地集约化利用,构建有序梯次协同的耕地集约化利用格局,从而提升农业综合生产能力。

[Objective]Intensive use of cultivated land serves as an effective approach to ensure the efficient supply of agricultural products and sustainable use of cultivated land.Scientific knowledge of the spatial and temporal differentiation characteristics of unbalanced and inadequate intensive use of cultivated land as well as a precise understanding of the existing shortcomings of the intensive use of cultivated land,is crucial for unlocking the potential of land resources and enhancing the comprehensive capacity of agricultural production.[Methods]This research measured the level of intensive use of cultivated land in China and its four main regions from 2000 to 2020 across four dimensions:input intensity,utilization degree,output efficiency,and sustainability.The Dagum Gini coefficient was used to investigate the spatial imbalance of intensive use of cultivated land and its structural sources.The quantile normalization approach was used to investigate inadequate utilization of cultivated land and its mechanism.[Results]The results indicate that:(1)There were considerable variations in the level of intensive use of cultivated land throughout the nation and the four regions,although the general trend was continually growing.The provinces with low levels of intensive use of cultivated land saw a catch-up effect.(2)The imbalance of intensive use of cultivated land showed a declining tendency at the national level.More than 70%of the spatial imbalance of intensive use of cultivated land was caused by the imbalance between regions.(3)A declining trend was visible in the inadequacy index of intensive use of cultivated land for all regions and nationwide,with an order of western region(80.94),Northeast(74.33),nationwide(68.14),central region(60.16),and eastern region(55.72).(4)The sustainability of land use emerged as a key factor in the imbalance and inadequacy of intensive land use nationally and in the eastern and central regions.Input intensity significantly impacted the imbalance and inadequacy of intensive use of cultivated land in the Northeast,while in the western region,all four dimensions were highly significant.Additionally,there was a trend toward an inward convergence in the change of the primary influencing factors in each region.[Conclusion]In China,the unbalanced and inadequate intensive use of cultivated land have somewhat improved over the past 20 years,but there is still a sizable regional imbalance and insufficiency.To increase the overall agricultural production capacity,it is critical to increase the intensive use of cultivated land in accordance with the current and local conditions and to establish a systematic,coordinated pattern of such usage.