结直肠外科近年进展及热点

Recent progress and hotspots in colorectal surgery

近年来,随着科学技术的飞速发展及结直肠癌诊治领域新技术新方法、新药物不断涌现,结直肠癌的诊疗效果有了提高。与此同时,外科手术技术方面的进步,也随着信息化技术的深刻革命正在发生变化,从开放手术到微创手术,再发展到机器人辅助手术,AI技术的拓展,三维立体定向技术的应用,增强现实以及数字化诊断技术的出现,都对结直肠癌的外科治疗技术产生巨大的推动作用。结直肠癌外科也在进行根治性手术的基础上,更加精确化、个体化,更加重视减少手术创伤、器官功能的保护、提高患者的生存质量等方面。本文拟从直肠癌器官保留策略、结直肠癌新辅助治疗/辅助治疗、结直肠癌微创手术、困难结直肠癌手术以及液体活检技术等几个方面回顾并介绍近年来结直肠癌外科治疗的新进展及研究热点。

With the rapid development of science and technology,new technologies and methods for the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer are constantly emerging,which has improved the survival of patients with colorectal cancer.At the same time,the progress in surgical technology is also changing profoundly due to information technology revolution.From open surgery to minimally invasive surgery,to robot-assisted surgery,AI technology,three-dimensional stereotactic technology,as well as the emergence of enhanced reality and digital diagnosis technology,all have greatly promoted the surgical treatment of colorectal cancer.Colorectal surgery has also become more precise,personalized,and more focused on reducing surgical trauma,protecting organ function,and improving patients'quality of life.This article aims to review the new progress and research hotspots in the surgical treatment of colorectal cancer in recent years from several aspects including organ preservation strategy,adjuvant/neoadjuvant treatment,minimally invasive surgery,difficult colorectal surgery,as well as liquid biopsy technology.