略论明朝水师仿制欧洲火器及其击败荷兰军舰的火攻战术

A Brief Discussion of the Ming Dynasty Navy’s Imitation of European Firearms and Its Fire Attack Tactics against the Dutch Navy

郑成功水师于1661年收复中国台湾的战役中击败荷兰水师,并击沉荷兰主力舰“赫克托号”,这是明朝水师对外战役中最杰出的战绩之一。自从葡萄牙舰队出现于闽粤海面以来,明军一直在研究和仿制欧洲军舰及其火器,在火炮、火枪等方面都有很大的进步。不仅如此,明军还研发了推送火船和抛掷火罐等火攻战术,并将其和明军传统近战战术相结合,这才取得在浅海攻击欧洲军舰的海上优势。因此,明军击沉荷兰主力舰“赫克托号”不是偶然的。

In 1661,Zheng Chenggong's navy defeated the Dutch navy in the Battle of Recovering Taiwan,China,sinking the Dutch flagship"Hector."This was one of the most outstanding achievements of the Ming dynasty navy in foreign wars.Since the appearance of the Portuguese fleet in the waters of Fujian and Guangdong,the Ming army had been studying and imitating European warships and firearms and had made great progress in artillery and muskets.In addition,the Ming army developed new fire attack tactics,such as pushing fire boats and throwing firepots.By combining these new tactics with the traditional close-quarters combat tactics of the Ming army,they gained an advantage in the shallow waters against European warships.Therefore,the sinking of the Dutch flagship"Hector"by the Ming army was nota coincidence.