中国前陆冲断带油气地震勘探技术及发展方向

The oil and gas seismic exploration techniques and development direction of foreland thrust belts in China

前陆盆地是世界上油气资源最丰富的盆地类型,而地处其活动翼的前陆冲断带已成为近年来勘探突破发现和增储上产的重要接替领域。中国前陆冲断带油气地震勘探技术发展经历了常规二维地震、宽线大组合二维地震、常规三维地震和宽方位高密度三维地震4个阶段。通过面向叠前深度偏移成像的地震采集优化设计技术、面向复杂构造区的地震资料处理技术和面向复杂构造区的地震资料解释技术3个方面阐述了中国前陆冲断带油气地震勘探关键技术,并以塔里木盆地库车坳陷、准噶尔盆地南缘为例介绍了主要勘探成效,其对推动前陆冲断带核心配套技术形成和应用具有重要意义。对于前陆冲断带勘探中所面临的复杂地表和地下地质条件(双复杂)、构造变形剧烈、地震资料品质差等挑战,依然需要在"人工智能+物探技术"、深层—超深层、岩性地层及非常规油气藏、地球物理综合服务与跨专业一体化协同工作等方向进行探索和发展。

It is the foreland basin that has the most abundant oil and gas resources in the whole world,and the foreland thrust belt located on its active limb has become an important replacement area for achieving exploration breakthroughs and increasing reserves.In China,the development of seismic exploration techniques for oil and gas in the foreland thrust belts has gone through four stages of conventional 2D,large wide-line combination 2D,conventional 3D,and wide azimuth high-density 3D seismic technologies.The key techniques of seismic exploration for oil and gas in the foreland thrust belt of China are expounded from three aspects,i.e.,the seismic acquisition,optimization and design technology for prestack depth migration imaging,seismic data processing technology and seismic data interpretation technology for complex tectonic zones.The paper introduces the main exploration achievements in the Kuche subbasin in Tarim Basin and the southern edge of Junggar Basin,which are of great significance for promoting the formation and application of key supporting techniques in the foreland thrust belt.For the challenges faced in the exploration of foreland thrust belts,such as complex surface and subsurface geological conditions(dual complexity),severe tectonic deformation,and poor seismic data quality,it is still necessary to explore and develop in the directions of artificial intelligence and geophysical exploration technology,deep to ultra deep layers,stratigraphic-lithologic reservoirs and unconventional oil and gas reservoirs,comprehensive geophysical services,as well as interdisciplinary integrated collaborative work.