从MOOC到IMOOC再到OMC:数字时代的课堂革命

From MOOC to IMOOC, and to OMC: Classroom Revolution in the Digital Era

随着数字技术的飞速发展及其与高等教育的深度融合,“互联网+教育”“人工智能+教育”“元宇宙+教育”等高等教育数字化新形态应运而生。数字技术革命带动着高等教育的改革与创新发展,也改变着大学课程与课堂教学。我国慕课发展的十年历程中,慕课作为“互联网+教育”的产物,在促进教育公平和推动高等教育数字化转型,尤其是新冠疫情防控期间的在线教学中发挥重要作用。在教育数字化转型阶段及中国慕课发展十年之际,研判慕课未来的发展趋势:在人工智能、元宇宙、数字孪生、全息成像等技术支持下,慕课将逐步发展到智能化交互式虚拟慕课(IMOOC),再到开放式元宇宙课(OMC)的新形态与新阶段。据此,描述智能化交互式虚拟慕课的概念及其智能化、交互式、虚拟化、体验性等特点,展示其场景教学示例;提出开放式元宇宙课的概念与沉浸感、虚拟化、交互式、跨时空等特点,阐述元宇宙教育服务空间,并展现相关的元宇宙教室与教学场景。在此基础上,对智能化交互式虚拟慕课与开放式元宇宙课程面临的挑战进行思考和展望。可以预见,“人工智能+元宇宙+服务+教育”将在改变高等教育教与学的方式上提供无限的可能,未来“元宇宙+智慧教育+服务”必将在教育数字化转型中发挥重要作用。

With rapid development of digital technology and its deep fusion with higher education,the new forms of higher education digitalization,such as“Internet+education”,“artificial intelligence+education”and“metaverse+education”,emerge in time.The digital technology revolution is driving the reform and innovative development of higher education,as well as changing the courses and classroom teaching.This paper reviews the ten years'development procedure of MOOCs in China.As a product of“Internet+education”,MOOCs have played the important roles in promoting education equity and driving digital transformation of higher education,especially in online teaching during the COVID-19 epidemic.This paper analyzes the state and the future trends of MOOCs,and points out the new forms and stages of MOOC developing into the IMOOCs(Intelligent interactive virtual MOOC)and then to the OMCs(Open Metaverse Courses),by means of new technologies such as artificial intelligence,metaverse,digital twins,and holographic imaging,etc.The new concept of IMOOCs and their characteristics,e.g.intelligence,interactivity,virtualization,and experience,are described in the paper.And the practical examples of the IMOOC scene-based teaching are shown.The concept and characteristics of OMCs,like immersion,virtualization,interactivity,cross time and space,are presented.And the metaverse education service space is also proposed.Meanwhile,the OMC related metaverse classrooms and teaching scenarios are demonstrated.Finally,the challenge problems faced by IMOOCs and OMCs are considered and prospected.It can be foreseen,the“artificial intelligence+metaverse+service+education”will provide unlimited possibilities in changing the way higher education,In the future,the“metaverse+smart education+service”will play an important role in leading the digital transformation of education.