不同参龄、坡向及根际土壤微生物对林下园参皂苷积累的影响

Effects of different ginseng ages,slope directions and rhizosphere soil microorganisms on the accumulation of ginsenosides in understory garden ginseng

本研究通过高效液相色谱法同时测定林下园参中33种皂苷含量,分析不同参龄、坡向林下园参中皂苷组成与分布差异;通过高通量测序技术,分析不同坡向林下园参根际土壤微生物多样性特征及其与皂苷积累的关系。结果表明,3~5年生林下园参中均含有皂苷Re、Rg1、Rf、Rb1、Rb2、Rc、Rb3、Rd、S,R-Rg2、R-Rh1、Rh4,皂苷含量随参龄增长而增加;阳坡5年生林下园参中人参皂苷Rg1、Rc、Rb2、Rb3、Rd质量分数高于阴坡,但Re、Rf、Rb1质量分数低于阴坡。阴坡林下园参根际土壤中细菌、真菌ACE、chao和Shannon值数值均高于阳坡,且PCA距离相差均大于阳坡,其根际微生物丰度更高,多样性更丰富。阳坡阴坡真菌属类最优势属均为被孢霉属,其余菌属种类与占比均存在较大差异;阳坡优势菌利于皂苷Rg1、Rc、Rb2、Rb3、Rd的积累,阴坡优势菌利于皂苷Re、Rf、Rb1的积累。

33 ginsenosides in understory garden ginseng were simultaneously determined using HPLC,the composition and distribution differences of ginsenosides in understory garden ginseng at different ages and slopes were analyzed.With high-throughput sequencing technology,the rhizosphere soil microbial diversity characteristics of understory garden ginseng on slopes of different directions and their impact on ginsenosides accumulation in understory garden ginseng were analyzed.The results showed that 3 to 5 years old understory garden ginseng contained ginsenosides Re,Rg1,Rf,Rb1,Rb2,Rc,Rb3,Rd,S,R-Rg2,R-Rh1 and Rh4;5-years old understory garden ginseng also contained a small amount of Rk3;and the content of each ginsenoside in 5-years old understory garden ginseng were higher than those of 3 and 4 years old understory garden ginseng.The content of ginsenosides Rg1,Rc,Rb2,Rb3,and Rd in 5-years old understory garden ginseng planted on sunny slopes were higher than those ginseng on shaded slopes;The content of ginsenosides Re,Rf,and Rb1 were higher in 5-years old understory garden ginseng planted on shady slopes than those on sunny slopes.Alpha diversity analysis showed that the values of bacterial,fungal ACE,chao and Shannon were higher in understory garden ginseng on shady slope than those on sunny slope,and the difference in PCA distance on shady slop was greater than those on sunny slopes,indicating that shady slope rhizosphere had higher microbial abundance and richer diversity.The most dominant genus of fungi on both sunny and shady slopes was Mortierella,while there were significant differences in the species and proportions of other fungi;The dominant bacteria on the sunny slope was conducive to the accumulation of ginsenoside Rg1,Rc,Rb2,Rb3 and Rd;while the dominant bacteria on the shady slope was conducive to the accumulation of ginsenoside Re,Rf and Rb1.