基于“三生空间”的景迈山村落景观营建模式

Landscape construction model of Jingmai mountain village based on“production-living-ecology”space

【目的】通过解析云南省普洱市澜沧拉祜族自治县惠民镇景迈山傣族与布朗族民族村寨三生空间的生态智慧,提出景迈山村落景观的营建模式,以期为少数民族地区的村落景观营建提供借鉴参考,并为实施乡村振兴战略,建设美丽乡村提供理论支持与研究案例。【方法】选取景迈山傣族与布朗族民族村寨为研究对象,结合实地调研法、图解分析法、历史研究法和GIS空间分析等研究方法,对案例地开展调查研究。【结果】景迈山民族村寨三生空间整体景观构成特点为平面景观由外而内“生态空间—生产空间—生活空间”嵌套模式与立面景观“生态空间—生产空间—生活空间—生产空间”垂直模式交互耦合,形成高度复合的“自然—生态—人文”生态系统。生态空间独特的“万物有灵”宗教信仰,生活空间民族村寨建造技术与民风民俗,生产空间土地垂直利用方式以及林间、林下种植技术,凸显了千百年来当地民族认识自然、尊重自然、保护自然、利用自然的卓越生态智慧。基于生态智慧的研究,提出宏观生态本底、中观总体布局、微观节点设计的景观营建模式,打造“乐居”美丽乡村景观环境。【结论】景迈山村落景观营建模式体现当地居民尊重自然、爱护环境的优良生态伦理,实现人地和谐的良性互动,有利于“自然—生态—人文”高度复合的美丽乡村景观构建。

【Objective】By analyzing the ecological wisdom of the“production-living-ecology”space of Dai and Brown ethnic villages in Jingmai mountain,Huimin town,Lancang Lahu Autonomous county,Pu’er city,Yunnan province,this paper proposes the construction model of Jingmai Mountain village landscape,in order to provide reference for the construction of village landscape in minority areas,and provide theoretical support and study cases for the implementation of rural revitalization strategy and the construction of beautiful villages.【Method】The Dai and Brown ethnic villages in Jingmai Mountain were selected as the research objects,combined with field investigation,graphic analysis,historical research and GIS spatial analysis and other research methods to investigate the case.【Result】The overall landscape structure of the“production-living-ecological”spaces of Jingmai mountain ethnic village is characterized by the interactive coupling of the“ecological space-production space-living space”nested mode of the plane landscape from the outside to the inside and the vertical mode of“ecological space-production space-living space-production space”of the facade landscape,forming a highly complex“nature-ecology-humanity”ecosystem.The unique“animistic”religious belief in the ecological space,the construction technology and folk customs of the ethnic village in the living space,the vertical use of the land in the production space and the planting technology in the forest and under the forest,highlight the outstanding ecological wisdom of the local ethnic groups in recognizing,respecting,protecting and utilizing nature for thousands of years.Based on the research of ecological wisdom,the landscape construction model of macro ecological background,middle overall layout and micro node design is proposed to create a beautiful rural landscape environment of“Leju”.【Conclusion】Jingmai mountain village landscape construction mode reflects the local residents’good ecological ethics of respecting nature and caring for the environment,realizes the harmonious interaction between man and land,and is conducive to the construction of a beautiful rural landscape highly complex of“nature-ecology-humanity”.