核桃炭疽病研究进展

Research status and future prospect of walnut anthracnose

【目的】核桃产业在我国木本粮油安全以及乡村振兴方面发挥着重要作用。核桃炭疽病因其爆发性强、流行性广、危害性大而成为目前核桃产业的重要病害之一。掌握核桃炭疽病的病原、危害症状以及防治措施十分重要和必要。【方法】采用Citespace分析软件,通过对国内外文献数据库中有关核桃炭疽病研究的文献开展文献计量分析,明确国内外文献报道期刊、作者及其单位分布等情况,同时,对前人所报道的病原、侵染循环及发病条件、防治方法和预测预报进行总结。【结果】明确引起核桃炭疽病的病原主要为胶孢炭疽菌,以分生孢子作为主要侵染来源,发病条件则以湿度因素为主,所采用的防治方法多以化学药剂为主,预测预报方法则主要偏向于传统经验。目前,前人对于真菌致病作用机理的解析,认为其主要是通过分泌系统将其分泌蛋白输入到植物组织中,分泌蛋白往往通过与植物防卫反应的相关分子发生作用,进一步促进其在植物的定殖、扩展以及对植物进行危害。本研究总结了国内外学者对核桃炭疽菌致病基因的研究成果及其相关功能。【结论】未来应着重从核桃炭疽病菌的遗传关系、新型作用靶标筛选、病害预测预报方法以及绿色生防菌剂开发利用等方面进一步开展深入研究,以期为解析引起核桃炭疽病病害的病原分化及有效控制病害提供理论参考。

【Objective】Walnut industry plays an important role in realizing the security of woody grain and oil in China and rural revitalization.Walnut anthracnose has become one of the most important diseases in walnut industry because of its strong explosive,widespread epidemic and great harm.It is very important and necessary to master the symptoms,pathogens and control measures of walnut anthracnose.【Method】Citespace analysis software was used to carry out bibliometric analysis on the literature about walnut anthracnose in domestic and foreign literature databases,and to clarify the distribution of domestic and foreign literature reports,authors and units,etc.At the same time,the pathogens,infection cycle,disease conditions,prevention and control methods and prediction were summarized.【Result】It was clear that the main pathogen of walnut anthracnose was Colletotrichum gloeosporioides,mainly conidium as the main source of infection,the disease condition was mainly humidity,the control methods were mainly chemical agents,and the prediction methods were mainly inclined to traditional experience.At present,previous analyses of the pathogenic mechanism of fungi believe that they mainly import secreted proteins into plant tissues through the secretory system,and secreted proteins often interact with molecules related to plant defense response,further promoting their colonization and expansion in plants and causing harm to plants.This paper summarizes the studies on pathogenic genes of walnut anthracnose pathogen and its related functions.【Conclusion】Future studies should focus on the genetic relationship of C.gloeosporioides,screening of novel targets,disease prediction and prediction methods,and development and utilization of green biocontrol agents,so as to provide important theoretical references for the analysis of pathogen differentiation and effective control of the disease.