授粉品种对‘塞外红’苹果果实品质的影响

Effects of fruit quality of‘Saiwaihong’apple fruit pollinated with different pollination cultivars

【目的】探究‘塞外红’果实品质的花粉直感效应,为筛选‘塞外红’最佳授粉品种提供参考。【方法】2022年,在内蒙古通辽市‘塞外红’果园以‘龙冠’‘K9’‘山丁子’‘龙丰’‘红肉’‘紫秋香’‘金红’‘岳艳’‘秦冠’共9个品种的花粉为9年生‘塞外红’进行人工授粉,并对其果实品质指标进行综合分析与评价。【结果】采用9个品种的花粉为‘塞外红’人工授粉对‘塞外红’果实品质均有不同程度影响,变异系数为5.37%~72.29%;果实坐果率均高于自然授粉果实,且差异显著;果实单果质量均高于自然授粉果实,且差异显著;果实可溶性固形物含量均低于自然授粉果实,除‘紫秋香’外,与自然授粉果实的差异显著;除‘金红’外,果实可溶性糖含量均高于自然授粉果实,且差异显著;不同品种授粉的‘塞外红’果实香气成分中醛类、酯类、醇类、酮类(除‘山丁子’)、酸类和其他类的相对含量均高于自然授粉果实,其中‘龙丰’和‘紫秋香’授粉的‘塞外红’果实中具有较浓果香味的酯类香气成分含量显著高于自然授粉果实。在9个品种中‘紫秋香’授粉的‘塞外红’果实品质指标的综合评分最高。【结论】各授粉品种对‘塞外红’苹果果实的单果质量、坐果率、可溶性糖含量、维生素C含量及香气成分相对含量的影响显著,表现出明显的花粉直感效应,其中‘紫秋香’为‘塞外红’的最佳授粉品种。

【Objective】The objectives of this study were to investigate the xenia effects on the quality of‘Saiwaihong’apple fruits,and to provide a reference for screening for‘Saiwaihong’apple pollination cultivars.【Method】Nineyear-old‘Saiwaihong’apple trees were pollinated artificially with pollen from 9 pollination cultivars(‘Saiwaihong’‘K9’‘Malus baccata’‘Longfeng’‘Red-flesh’‘Ziqiuxiang’‘Jinhong’‘Yueyan’and‘Qinguan’)with different characteristics on the‘Saiwaihong’apple orchard of Tongliao in 2022.The effects of different pollination cultivars on the quality were comprehensively evaluated.【Result】The different pollination cultivars affected the external and internal quality attributes and aroma components of‘Saiwaihong’apple fruit,resulting in 5.37%-72.29%of coefficient of variation.For pollination with pollens from 9 pollination cultivars,the fruit setting rate and the individual fruit mass in‘Saiwaihong’apple fruit were increased significantly compared with the control group.The contents of soluble solid(except for‘Ziqiuxiang’)in‘Saiwaihong’apple fruit were decreased significantly compared with the control group.The contents of total soluble sugars(except for‘Jinhong’)in‘Saiwaihong’apple fruit were increased significantly compared with the control group.The relative contents of aldehydes,esters,alcohols,ketones(except for‘M.baccata’),acids and others in‘Saiwaihong’apple fruit were significantly increased to the control group,furthermore,for pollination with pollen from‘Ziqiuxiang’and‘Longfeng’,the relative contents of unique esters including ethyl acetate,were increased significantly,respectively,compared with the control group,which could contribute to improve the aroma of‘Saiwaihong’apple fruit.For pollination with pollen from 9 pollination cultivars,‘Ziqiuxiang’had the highest comprehensive score on the quality.【Conclusion】Compared with the fruit quality attributes of the male parent,an obvious xenia effect was observed in pollinated apple fruit including individual fruit mass,fruit setting rate,soluble sugar content,vitamin C,and aroma components.The comprehensive evaluation results showed that‘Ziqiuxiang’could be the most suitable pollination cultivar for‘Saiwaihong’apple production.