香花油茶不同家系群体叶片和果实表型性状的比较

Comparison of phenotypic characters of leave and fruit in different family groups of Camellia osmantha

【目的】初步筛选出香花油茶优良家系群体,为香花油茶育种提供参考。【方法】以香花油茶11个家系群体植株为研究对象,每个家系群体选取长势好、无病虫害的单株30株,连续3年测定其叶片、果实的表型性状指标,取3年数据的平均值进行分析。通过对不同家系间重要性状进行变异分析、相关性分析、主成分分析等,提取影响香花油茶果实性状的主要因子,并对各家系果实表型性状进行综合评价。【结果】叶片和果实性状在各家系群体间存在显著遗传差异,叶质量和单果质量的变异较大,变异系数分别为35.81%、69.20%,稳定性较差。叶绿素值和干籽总质量的变异最小,变异系数分别为13.00%、11.56%,稳定性较好。除叶柄长与叶片厚、叶片宽无显著相关性及叶片厚、叶片宽与叶绿素值无显著相关性外,其他叶片表型性状指标间有极显著或显著相关关系,果实大部分性状间极显著或显著正相关,叶柄长与果皮厚、籽粒数量极显著正相关,叶片长、叶周长与果高、果径、种长极显著负相关。从10个果实表型性状中共抽取出3个主成分,累计贡献率83.793%。根据综合得分由高到低排序,各家系依次为F-1、A-3、F-10、F-2、D-2、G-7、F-4、G-8、F-6、E-2、B-2。【结论】筛选出香花油茶较优家系群体F-1、A-3、F-10,可将这3个群体作为香花油茶野外选育的重点研究对象。

【Objective】Preliminarily screen the optimal family population of Camellia osmantha and provide reference for breeding of C.osmantha.【Method】The leaf and fruit phenotypic traits were measured for three consecutive years,and the average value of the data measured in the three years was taken for analysis.The coefficient of variation,correlation analysis and principal component analysis were used to extract the main variables among 11 families populations through the phenotypic traits of fruits,and initially screened out the optimal family population of C.osmantha.【Result】There were significant genetic differences in leaf and fruit traits among the family groups,and the leaf mass and single fruit mass had the largest variation with coefficients of variation of 35.81%and 69.20%,respectively,which were less stable.Chlorophyll and total dry seed mass showed the least variation,with coefficients of variation of 13.00%and 11.56%,respectively,and were more stable.Except for petiole length,which had no significant correlation with leaf thickness and leaf width,and leaf thickness and leaf width,which had no significant correlation with chlorophyll value,there were highly significant or significantly correlations between other leaf phenotypic traits.Most of the fruit traits were highly significant or significantly positively correlated with each other,petiole length was highly significantly positively correlated with pericarp thickness and seed number,and leaf blade length and leaf perimeter length were highly significantly negatively correlated with fruit height,fruit diameter,and seed length.A total of three principal components were extracted from the 10 economic traits of the fruit of the C.osmantha family group,with a cumulative contribution rate of 83.793%.According to the overall score,each family was ranked from high to low as F-1,A-3,F-10,F-2,D-2,G-7,F-4,G-8,F-6,E-2,B-2.【Conclusion】The optimal family populations F-1,A-3,and F-10 of C.osmantha have been selected,and these three populations can be used as key research groups for the field breeding of C.osmantha.