樱花远缘杂交胚抢救技术

A rescue technology of Prunus distant hybrid embryo

【目的】为提高樱花杂交育种效率,对樱花远缘杂交胚离体培养进行胚抢救。【方法】以迎春樱桃为母本,华中樱桃、尾叶樱桃、钟花樱桃为父本进行远缘杂交,对不同时期的坐果率进行统计,确定杂交种胚败育时期;对不同时期杂交胚进行萌发实验,确定杂交胚抢救适宜时间。以1/2MS培养基为基本培养基,添加不同浓度的6-BA、KT和NAA混合物以研究植物生长调节剂对种胚萌发及幼苗生根的影响;将胚抢救苗分别接种到MS、1/2MS、WPM培养基中,研究其根系生长情况;以泥炭、珍珠岩(1∶1),椰糠、珍珠岩(1∶1),黄土、珍珠岩(1∶1)3种基质栽植胚抢救苗,筛选适合胚抢救苗移栽基质。【结果】以迎春樱桃为母本的杂交组合中,胚败育发生时间在授粉后15 d;胚抢救适宜的时间在授粉后25 d;诱导杂交胚萌发的适宜基本培养基为1/2MS培养基;诱导胚抢救苗生根的适宜培养基为WPM培养基;不同杂交组合的杂交胚萌发和胚抢救苗生根需要的植物生长调节剂配比不同;幼苗适宜移栽基质为泥炭、珍珠岩(1∶1),成活率95%以上。【结论】该技术对于樱花远缘杂交获得新种质资源有良好的效果,能明显提高樱花远缘杂交育种的成功率,对樱花育种意义重大。

【Objective】In order to improve the efficiency of cherry cross breeding,embryo rescue of Prunus distant hybrid embryos in vitro culture was carried out.【Method】Prunus discoidea was used as the female parent,P.conradinae,P.dielsiana and P.campanulata were used as the male parents,the fruit set rate of different periods were statistically analyzed to determine the embryo abortion period of the hybrid.Germination experiments of hybrid embryos at different stages were carried out to determine the appropriate time for rescue of hybrid embryos.The 1/2MS medium was used as the basic medium with different concentrations of 6-BA,KT and NAA mixture to investigate the effects of plant growth regulators on seed embryo germination and seedling rooting.The root growth was observed by inoculating the embryo rescue seedlings into MS,1/2MS and WPM medium,respectively.The medium of peat with perlite(1∶1),coir with perlite(1∶1),loess with perlite(1∶1)were used to plant embryo rescue seedlings,and suitable transplanting substrates for embryo rescue seedlings were selected.【Result】In the hybrid combination with P.discoidea as the parent,embryo abortion occurred 15 d after pollination;the suitable time for embryo rescue was 25 d after pollination;the suitable basic medium for inducing hybrid embryo germination was 1/2 MS medium;the suitable medium for inducing embryo rescue seedling rooting was WPM medium;different hybrid combinations required different ratios of plant growth regulators for hybrid embryo germination and embryo rescue seedling rooting.The suitable substrate for transplanting was peat and perlite(1∶1),and the survival rate was over 95%.【Conclusion】This technology has good effect on obtaining new germplasm resources by distant hybridization of Prunus,which can obviously improve the success rate of distant hybrid breeding of Prunus,which is of great significance to Prunus breeding.