近40年黑龙江省土地利用变化及其驱动力分析

Analysis of Land Use Change and Its Driving Forces in Heilongjiang Province in Recent 40 Years

为研究近40年黑龙江省土地利用变化及其驱动力,选择1980年、1990年、2000年、2010年和2015年的遥感影像,参考《黑龙江省统计年鉴》中相关土地利用变化驱动力因素数据,基于RS和GIS技术,在ENVI5.3和ArcGIS10.2软件的支持下,采用监督分类方法,研究近40年黑龙江省土地利用类型及其各类土地类型所占面积。利用空间叠加分析方法、土地利用转移矩阵、单一土地利用动态度,对其土地利用变化及其驱动力进行研究。结果表明:近40年来,黑龙江省土地利用变化以耕地和林地为主,耕地和建设用地面积有明显上升的情况,林地、草地、水域、未利用地面积有持续下降的趋势,未利用地大幅度下降以及耕地面积的增加是近40年黑龙江省土地利用的主要变化特征。从空间分布方面来看,六种土地类型转移的方向主要集中分布在黑龙江省东部。引起黑龙江省近40年土地利用发生变化的主要驱动力因素是人口数量的变化和黑龙江省经济的快速发展。

As the research in recent 40 years and its driving forces of land use change in Heilongjiang Province,in 1980,1990,2000,2010 and 2015,five satellite remote sensing image,the reference in the Heilongjiang Province statistical yearbook data related to land use change driving force factors,based on RS and GIS technology,with the support of ENVI5.3 and ArcGIS 10.2 software,using supervised classification method,divided into five period to study the land use type of Heilongjiang Province and its various land types of area.Land use change and its driving force in Heilongjiang Province in recent 40 years were studied by means of spatial superposition analysis,land use transfer matrix and single land use dynamic attitude.Results show that the change of land use in Heilongjiang Province in recent 40 years is given priority to with cultivated land and forest land,arable land and construction land area has increased dramatically,forest land,grassland,water area and unused land area has a tendency to continue to fall,unused land and the increase of the arable land is a big drop in nearly 40 years major change characteristics of land use in Heilongjiang Province.In terms of spatial distribution,the six land types are mainly distributed in the east of Heilongjiang Province.The change of population and the rapid development of economy in Heilongjiang Province are the main driving forces of land use change in recent 40 years.