十五世纪中期明代景德镇官窑瓷器装饰技法初探

A preliminary Study on the Decorative Techniques of Jingdezhen Official Kiln Porcelain in the Mid-fifteenth Century during the Ming Dynasty

2014年景德镇御窑厂遗址北麓出土的一批官窑瓷器,地层关系清晰,釉色、器类丰富,工艺技法精湛,发掘者通过考古学研究,认为这些瓷器为15世纪中期烧造,补充了明代官窑瓷器发展序列的重要缺环。文章选取了代表性产品,通过图像学的对比分析,认为该时期烧造的青花及斗彩瓷器在装饰技法方面具有承上启下的作用。第一,釉下青花的装饰技法,由宣德时期的“涂法”向“染法”转变。第二,斗彩瓷器的装饰技法方面,草创的青花釉下勾线、釉上填彩技法,逐步替代了宣德时期的釉下刻线填彩工艺。

A batch of official kiln porcelain unearthed at the northern foot of the Jingdezhen Royal Kiln Factory site in 2014 showed clear stratigraphic relationships,rich glaze colors and types of vessels,and exquisite craftsmanship.Through archaeological research,the excavators believed that these porcelains were fi red in the mid-15th century.It supplemented an important missing link in the development sequence of offi cial kiln porcelain in the Ming Dynasty.The article selects representative products,and through comparative analysis of iconography,it is believed that the blue and white and Doucai porcelain fi red during this period have a connecting role in terms of decorative techniques.First,the decorative technique of underglaze blue and white has changed from the"Tatu painting method"of the Xuande period to the"Taran painting method".Second,in terms of decorative techniques for Doucai porcelain,the original blue and white underglaze drawing,and overglaze color-fi lling techniques gradually replaced the underglaze engraving and color-fi lling techniques of the Xuande period.