育苗基质配比及育苗方式对辣椒成苗的影响

Effect of Seedling Substrate Ratio and Seedling Raising Method on Pepper Seedling

【目的】研究旨在筛选适合湖南地区的低成本、能够培育优质辣椒穴盘苗和水培苗的复合基质配方,为辣椒育苗栽培提供理论和实践依据。【方法】采用商品育苗基质(CK)和以草炭、蛭石和珍珠岩为原料自行配制的11种基质,分别应用穴盘、漂浮育苗2种方式,育苗结束后取样观察不同处理辣椒幼苗的形态特征,并测定其农艺性状及生理指标。【结果】通过对比分析不同方式的育苗效果,筛选出适合辣椒在穴盘、漂浮育苗中的最佳基质配比。得出不同配比复合基质的理化性质基本上符合育苗基质的要求。【结论】利用主成分分析对幼苗各项指标进行综合分析,并计算综合得分,得出在穴盘育苗中,辣椒的最优复合基质配比为T1(V草炭∶V蛭石∶V珍珠岩=1∶1∶1),在漂浮育苗中,辣椒的最优复合基质配比为T7(V草炭∶V蛭石∶V珍珠岩=2∶2∶1)。

[Objective]The aim of this study was to select a low-cost composite substrate formulation suitable for Hunan region,which can cultivate high-quality pepper seedlings in cavity trays and hydroponics,thus providing the theoretical and practical basis for pepper seedling cultivation.[Method]The commercial seedling substrate(CK)and 11 kinds of substrates prepared with peat,vermiculite and perlite as raw materials were used to cultivate pepper seedlings by two methods of plug tray and floating seedling.The morphological characteristics of pepper seedlings were observed,the agronomic traits and physiological indexes were measured after the seedlings were sampled.[Result]By comparing and analyzing the effects of different methods,the best ratio of substrate for pepper seedlings in cavity trays and floating seedlings was selected.The physical and chemical properties of the composite substrates with different ratios basically met the requirements of seedling substrates.[Conclusion]Principal component analysis was used to analyze the seedling indexes and calculate the composite score.The optimal composite substrate ratio for pepper was T1(V(grass charcoal)∶V(ermiculite)∶V(perlite)=1∶1∶1)in burrowing tray seedlings and T7(V(grass charcoal)∶V(ermiculite)∶V(perlite)=2∶2∶1)in floating seedlings.