环割时间和环割量对油茶果实养分及经济特性的影响

Effects of Girdling Time and Amount on Fruit Nutrient and Economic Characteristics of Camellia oleifera

【目的】为探究不同环割处理对油茶果实养分和经济特性的影响,找出适合油茶增产的环割方法。【方法】以7年生油茶为试验材料,研究不同环割时间、环割量对油茶果实中无机养分及有机养分和茶果、茶籽相关经济性状的影响。【结果】(1)盛花期、生理落果前环割均能显著提高果实可溶性蛋白含量、果形指数、单株产油量,其中盛花期环割使果实可溶性蛋白含量提高更显著,而生理落果前环割的单株产油量增加更明显;两个环割时期均显著降低了干籽出干仁率、干籽出油率,且生理落果前环割抑制作用更大。(2)环割360°、180°处理均显著降低了单果鲜重、果实纵径、鲜果出干籽率、干籽出干仁率,环割360°的抑制作用更显著。(3)果实产量增加使其可溶性糖、可溶性淀粉和全氮含量下降,出仁率、出油率等多数经济性状变差。【结论】环割降低了果实经济性状,但可促进果实增产,且生理落果前较盛花期环割促产效果更明显。

[Objective]In order to explore the effects of different girdling treatments on the nutrient and economic characteristics of Camellia oleifera fruits,this study aims to find out the girdling methods which are suitable for increasing the yield of Camellia oleifera.[Method]Seven-year-old Camellia oleifera was used as experimental materials to study the effects of different girdling periods and amounts on the inorganic nutrients and organic nutrients in Camellia oleifera fruits and the related economic properties of Camellia oleifera fruits and camellia seeds.[Result]The fruit soluble protein content,fruit shape index and oil yield per plant were significantly increased by girdling at full bloom stage and before physiological fruit falling.Specifically,the fruit soluble protein content was significantly increased by girdling at full bloom stage,while the oil yield per plant increased more significantly by girdling before physiological fruit falling.The rate of dry kernel and oil yield of dry seeds were significantly reduced in the two-ring cutting periods,and the inhibition effect of ring cutting before physiological fruit drop was greater.The treatment of 360°and 180°circumcision significantly reduced the fresh weight of single fruit,the vertical diameter of fruit,the percentage of dry seeds from fresh fruit and the percentage of dry kernel from dry seeds,and the inhibition effect of 360°circumcision was more significant.With the increase of fruit yield,the content of soluble sugar,soluble starch and total nitrogen decreased,and most of the economic characteristics,such as kernel yield and oil yield,became lower.[Conclusion]Girdling can reduce the economic characteristics of fruit in different degrees,it can promote the yield increase of fruit,and the effect of girdling before physiological fruit drop is more obvious than that at full flowering stage.