黄东海间遗传连通性多物种案例分析与启示

Analysis and enlightenment of a multispecies case study onthe genetic connectivity between the Yellow and the East Seas

黄东海是太平洋重要的边缘海,拥有丰富的海洋生物多样性资源,但在气候变化及人类活动的双重胁迫下,黄东海面临生物多样性衰退等问题,亟需加强保护。保护区网络被认为可有效防止或减缓人类活动和气候变化对生物多样性的负面影响,但连通性作为保护区网络的重要参数却很难直接测量。因此,本研究希望通过梳理已发表的黄东海间遗传连通性文献来揭示黄东海区域内的保护区是否形成网络。通过搜集已发表的137篇文献,共获得175个研究案例。超过半数的案例(65.71%)认为黄东海之间具有显著的遗传分化,这也意味着跨生态区群体间具有较低的遗传连通性。在总结影响因素时发现长江冲淡水、生境异质性、空间距离、进化过程、生活史(较短的浮游幼体期)、洋流等6个因素阻碍了黄东海群体间的遗传连通性,而洋流、生活史(较长的浮游幼体期)等2个因素促进了遗传连通性。进一步分析发现黄东海群体间的遗传连通性与空间距离呈显著的负相关,而与浮游幼体期呈正相关。因此,根据本研究结果,建议未来保护区网络建设应针对黄、东海生态区分别构建网络,在网络设计时应考虑保护对象的扩散能力及保护区间的空间距离。本研究不仅为构建涵盖黄东海的海洋保护区网络提供理论基础,也为跨生态区构建海洋保护区网络以及其他沿海地区的海洋保护地建设提供参考。

The Yellow and the East Seas are important marginal seas in the Pacific Ocean that are characterized by high biodiversity and rich marine resources.However,these Seas are under the dual threat of climate change and human exploitation,thereby causing decreased marine biodiversity.Thus,these seas are in urgent need of protection,and the marine protected area network is effective in preventing or mitigating the negative impacts of the dual pressure on biodiversity.However,connectivity is an important parameter of protected area networks that is difficult to directly measure.Therefore,this study aimed to reveal whether protected areas in the Yellow and the East Seas form a network by examining published reports on genetic connectivity between the two seas.A total of 175 cases were obtained from 137 published reports,and>50%of the cases(65.71%)revealed that there was a significant genetic differentiation between the Yellow and the East Seas,indicating that the cross-sea populations have low genetic connectivity.Six factors,such as the Yangtze River runoff,spatial distance,habitat heterogeneity,life history(shorter larval duration),ocean currents,and evolutionary processes,hampered the genetic connectivity between the populations from the two seas,whereas ocean currents and life history(longer larval duration)promoted genetic connectivity.Furthermore,the analysis revealed that the genetic connectivity between Yellow Sea and East Sea populations was significantly negatively correlated with spatial distance but positively correlated with planktonic larval duration.These results suggest that separate networks of marine protected areas should be constructed in the Yellow and the East China Seas,and the dispersibility of the protected species and the spatial distance of the protected areas should also be considered during the network design.This study provides a theoretical basis for constructing a network of marine protected areas covering the Yellow and the East Seas,which will aid in the construction of marine protected area networks in other seas.