甲壳素提取方法的研究进展

Research progress on chitin extraction methods

甲壳素是一类重要且应用广泛的天然高分子。海洋甲壳类加工副产物,如虾壳、蟹壳等,是甲壳素的重要来源之一,常见的提取方法主要有化学法、酶法、微生物发酵法等,其中微生物发酵法是一种依赖微生物发酵完成脱矿(DM)、脱蛋白(DP)过程的方法,整个过程不引入任何化学试剂,绿色无污染,是解决目前甲壳素生产过程中酸、碱用量大导致污染严重的关键技术。本文综述了各种甲壳素提取方法及各种影响因素在提取过程对所得甲壳素性质的影响,讨论了微生物发酵法的相关内容,以期为相关研究提供理论支撑。

Chitin is an important and widely used natural polymer.Byproducts obtained during the processing of marine crustaceans,such as shrimp and crab shells,are an important source of chitin.Commonly used chitin extraction methods include chemical,enzymatic,and microbial fermentation methods.Among them,the microbial fermentation method relies on microbial fermentation for the completion of demineralization and deproteinization processes.The entire process does not involve the use of chemical reagents,making it a green and pollution-free method.This article reviews various chitin extraction methods,factors affecting its extraction,the effect of the extraction process on the properties of chitin,and discusses some relevant contents of microbial fermentation hoping to provide a theoretical foundation for related research.