农村中小金融机构发展对城乡收入差距的影响效应研究

Research on the Impact of the Development of Small and Medium sized Financial Institutions in Rural Areas on the Income Gap between Urban and Rural Areas

缩小城乡收入差距,实现城乡融合发展的关键在于实现农业农村优先发展。在坚持“金融机构的属性特征和数量分布对资金规模和供给流向具有重要影响”的基础上,文章基于2008—2021年中国省级面板数据实证检验农村中小金融机构发展对城乡收入差距的影响。结果发现,不同于以往大多数关于农村金融发展扩大城乡收入差距的结论,以农村每万人拥有的中小银行网点数衡量的农村中小金融机构发展显著缩小城乡收入差距。该作用在经过一系列内生性及稳健性检验后依然成立。对该作用的机制分析和检验表明,农村中小金融机构通过增加第一产业增加值、提高农业生产率和促进农村中小企业发展三个渠道对城乡收入差距起到缩小作用。这一研究发现深化了金融发展理论,为金融市场体制改革提供了一定理论依据,有利于从全新的角度理解城乡收入差距的影响因素,对经济高质量发展和收入分配状况的改善亦具有重要参考价值。

The key to narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas and realizing the integrated de⁃velopment of urban and rural areas is to give priority to the development of agriculture and rural areas.On the basis of adhering to“the attribute characteristics and quantity distribution of financial institutions have an important im⁃pact on the capital scale and supply flow”,this paper empirically tests the impact of the development of small and medium-sized rural financial institutions on the urban-rural income gap based on China’s provincial panel data from 2008 to 2021.The results show that,different from most previous conclusions of rural financial development expanding the income gap between urban and rural areas,the development of small and medium-sized rural finan⁃cial institutions measured by the number of small and medium-sized bank outlets per 10000 people in rural areas can significantly narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas.This effect is still valid after a series of en⁃dogenous and robustness tests.The mechanism analysis and test of this role show that small and medium-sized ru⁃ral financial institutions can narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas by increasing the added value of primary industry,improving agricultural productivity and promoting the development of small and medium-sized ru⁃ral enterprises.This study find deepens the financial development theory,provides a certain theoretical basis for the reform of the financial market system,helps to understand the influencing factors of the urban-rural income gap from a completely new perspective,and has an important reference value for high-quality economic development and the improvement of income distribution.