小儿细菌性腹泻的感染情况及微生物检验技术的应用研究

Study on the infection status of pediatric bacterial diarrhea and application of microbial testing techniques

目的统计小儿细菌性腹泻的感染情况,并分析不同微生物检验技术的应用效果。方法本文为回顾性研究,病例纳入汝阳县中医院2021年1月至2023年4月收治的100例细菌性腹泻患儿,以25例健康志愿者为对照。病例组中男52例,女48例,年龄1~10(5.53±1.46)岁;对照组中男13例,女12例,年龄2~9(5.44±1.28)岁。首先依据病原微生物培养结果统计患儿的病原微生物感染情况;以病原微生物培养结果为金标准,比较乳胶凝集试验(LA)与酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对小儿细菌性腹泻的诊断效能。用χ^(2)检验、独立样本t检验。结果经统计,细菌性腹泻多见于2~6岁小儿群体,多在10月至次年2月发病,男性患儿多于女性患儿。100例细菌性腹泻患儿中,志贺菌感染率为36.00%(36/100),致病性大肠杆菌感染率为25.00%(25/100),产毒性大肠杆菌感染率为20.00%(20/100),胎儿弯杆菌感染率为10.00%(10/100),沙门菌感染率为9.00%(9/100)。LA检测对小儿细菌性腹泻的诊断准确率为87.20%(109/125),灵敏度为88.00%(88/100),特异度为84.00%(21/25),均高于ELISA[71.20%(89/125)、72.00%(72/100)、68.00%(17/25)],差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论细菌性腹泻好发于秋冬季节,此病多见于2~6岁小儿,志贺菌为其常见感染类型。LA检测能实现对小儿细菌性腹泻的有效诊断,其检测结果或可作为指导临床治疗的重要依据。

Objective To analyze the infection status of bacterial diarrhea in children and the application effects of different microbial testing techniques.Methods This was a retrospective study.The cases included were 100 children with bacterial diarrhea admitted to Ruyang County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2021 to April 2023,and 25 healthy volunteers were used as controls.There were 52 boys and 48 girls in the case group,aged 1-10(5.53±1.46)years.There were 13 boys and 12 girls in the control group,aged 2-9(5.44±1.28)years.The pathogenic microorganism infection of the cases was counted according to the results of pathogenic microbiological culture.Using the results of pathogenic microbiological culture as the gold standard,the diagnostic efficacies of latex agglutination test(LA)and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)for bacterial diarrhea in children were compared.χ^(2) test and independent sample t test were used.Results According to statistics,bacterial diarrhea was more common in children aged 2-6 years,mostly occurring from October to February,boys more than girls.Among the 100 children with bacterial diarrhea,the infection rate of Shigella was 36.00%(36/100),that of pathogenic Escherichia coli was 25.00%(25/100),that of toxigenic Escherichia coli was 20.00%(20/100),that of fetal Campylobacter was 10.00%(10/100),and that of Salmonella was 9.00%(9/100).The diagnostic accuracy,sensitivity,and specificity of LA detection for pediatric bacterial diarrhea were 87.20%(109/125),88.00%(88/100),and 84.00%(21/25),respectively,which were all higher than those of ELISA[71.20%(89/125),72.00%(72/100),and 68.00%(17/25)],with statistically significant differences(all P<0.05).Conclusions Bacterial diarrhea is more common in autumn and winter seasons,and it is more common in children aged 2-6 years.Shigella is a common type of infection.LA can achieve effective diagnosis of bacterial diarrhea in children,and its test results may serve as an important basis for guiding clinical treatment.