老年住院患者活动能力及认知功能与营养状况的相关性

Correlation Between Activity Ability,Cognitive Function and Nutritional Status in Elderly Hospitalized Patients

目的分析老年住院患者活动能力及认知功能与营养状况的相关性,探寻适合老年住院患者营养干预的策略。方法采用定点连续抽样方法,选取2020年7月-2022年2月在云南省第一人民医院老年科的老年住院患者,通过日常生活活动能力评定量表、简易智力状况检查法及微型营养评价法,评估调查对象的活动能力、认知功能,以及营养状况并分析其相关性。结果474名老年住院患者中营养不良和潜在营养不良发生率为12.03%和48.31%,活动能力障碍患者342名(72.36%),认知功能障碍患者244名(51.48%)。不同性别患者营养状况比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),不同年龄、BMI、ADL、MMSE患者与营养状况比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。活动能力障碍越明显,营养不良的比例越高(P<0.05);患者认知功能障碍程度越高,营养不良的程度也越高(P<0.05)。BMI、ADL和MMSE均是影响营养状况的危险因素(P<0.05)。四组是否同时存在ADL和MMSE风险的交叉分析结果显示,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。仅有ADL风险和仅有MMSE风险的患者间营养不良情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论老年住院患者的活动能力和认知功能障碍发生率高,对患者的营养状况具有负面影响,且合并两种障碍时会加剧该作用,导致更严重的营养不良。

Objective To analyze the correlation between the activity ability,cognitive function and nutritional status of elderly hospitalized patients,and to explore the strategies for nutritional intervention in elderly hospitalized patients.Methods The elderly hospitalized patients in the Department of Geriatrics of the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province from July 2020 to February 2022 were selected by fixed-point continuous sampling method.The activity ability,cognitive function and nutritional status of the respondents were evaluated by activity of daily living scale,simple intelligence test and micro-nutrition evaluation method,and their correlation was analyzed.Results The incidence of malnutrition and potential malnutrition in 474 elderly inpatients was 12.03%and 48.31%,342 patients(72.36%)had activity disorder,and 244 patients(51.48%)had cognitive dysfunction.There was no significant difference in nutritional status between patients of different genders(P>0.05).There were significant differences in nutritional status between patients of different ages,BMI,ADL and MMSE(P<0.05).The more obvious the impairment of activity ability,the higher the proportion of malnutrition(P<0.05).The higher the degree of cognitive dysfunction,the higher the degree of malnutrition(P<0.05).BMI,ADL and MMSE were all risk factors affecting nutritional status(P<0.05).The results of cross-analysis of whether the four groups had the risk of ADL and MMSE at the same time showed that the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in malnutrition between patients with only ADL risk and those with only MMSE risk(P>0.05).Conclusion The incidence of activity ability and cognitive dysfunction in elderly hospitalized patients is high,which has a negative impact on the nutritional status of patients,and the combination of the two disorders will aggravate the effect and lead to more serious malnutrition.