授权立法范围的合理界定

Reasonable Definition of the Scope of Authorized Legislation

授权立法是指拥有立法职权的主体将其职权范围内的某一特定事项的创制性规定权转移给本身不具有此项权力的主体来实施的行为,其不同于立法职权的分配、执行性立法权的确认、立法修改权的赋予以及上位法的暂时调整或暂时停止适用。各下位法制定机关应获授权方能立法的范围是法律保留范围,在横向维度,包括侵益性事项和其他重要性事项;在纵向维度,包括政治统一事项和市场统一事项。在法律保留范围之外,拥有立法职权的主体可以自行立法,而无须依赖授权。法律保留内部又可区分为绝对保留和相对保留,它们的范围在横向与纵向维度上各不相同。基于我国和域外的立法规定与相关理论,在相对保留下,上位法制定机关可以进行概括授权,而在绝对保留下,只能进行具体授权。

Legislative authorization refers to the transfer of the creative regulatory power over a specific matter within the jurisdiction of a legislative entity to another entity that doesn't inherently possess this authority, allowing it to perform this power accordingly. This action differs from the allocation of legislative powers, confirmation of implementing legislative authority, granting of legislative amendment powers, or the temporary adjustment or suspension of superior laws. The scope within which subordinate legislative bodies are authorized to legislate is the scope of legal reservation. Horizontally, this encompasses matters of violation of rights and interests by public authority and other significant issues;vertically, it includes matters of political unification and market unification. Outside the legal reservation scope, the legislative entity can independently enact legislative rules without the need for authorization. Within the legal reservation, there exists a distinction between absolute and relative reservations, each with different horizontal and vertical dimensions. Based on legislative provisions and relevant theories both domestically and internationally, under relative reservation, superior legislative bodies can provide general authorization,whereas under absolute reservation, only specific authorization is permissible.