制度转型、组织行为与犯罪的多元治理——一种新的犯罪解释论及治理框架

Multilevel Governance of Institutional Transformation, Organizational Behavior and Criminality——A New Criminal Interpretive Theory and Governance Framework

制度是社会秩序的基石。正式的法律制度框架、非正式的社会行为准则及主流的文化价值理念共同构成整体性的制度环境,其通过外在控制机制与内在影响机制调节与约制组织的观念与行为。中国特色社会主义进入新时代,我国经济与社会发展方式的重大转变引致制度层面的持续转型,经济组织、行政组织、司法组织、社会组织等皆须适应外在与内在的制度环境变迁而实施相应调整。在制度转型背景下,经济组织更易发生犯罪行为,当组织的客观行为堕距于正式法律制度保护的法益变迁,组织秉持的责任伦理堕距于社会行为准则与社会容忍度变化,组织的主观认知堕距于主流文化价值理念转变时,则会导致组织行为失范甚至犯罪行为发生。在复杂的制度转型过程中,犯罪治理需要多元组织机制共同作用,经济组织、行政组织、司法组织与社会组织应当顺应制度转型变化,克服原有制度框架形塑的路径依赖,通过再制度化方式实现犯罪治理多元机制的组织优化。

Institution is the cornerstone of social order. The formal legal system framework, the informal social behavior norms and the mainstream cultural value concept together constitute the overall institutional environment, which regulates the concept and behavior of the organization through the external control mechanism and the internal influence mechanism. As socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era, the major transformation of China's economic and social development mode has led to the continuous transformation of the institutional level. Economic organizations, administrative organizations,judicial organizations and social organizations must conform to and adapt to the external and internal institutional environment changes and implement corresponding adjustments. Under the background of institutional transformation, economic organizations are more prone to crime, when the objective behavior of the organization falls away from the change of the formal legal system, the responsibility and ethics of organization falls from social norms and social tolerance change, organizational subjective cognitive falls from the mainstream cultural value idea change, can lead to organizational behavior anomie and even crime.In the process of complex institutional transformation, crime governance needs the joint action of multiple organizational mechanisms. Economic organizations, administrative organizations, judicial organizations and social organizations should adapt to the transformation and change of institutions, overcome the path dependence of the original institutional framework, and realize the organizational optimization of multiple mechanisms of crime governance through re-institutionalized means.