以审判为中心:一场未完成的改革

Trial-Centered Criminal Procedure System: An Ongoing Reform

相对于认罪认罚从宽制度在刑事诉讼中适用的火热场景,以审判为中心的诉讼制度改革推进状况颇不令人乐观,呈现出文本“热”与实践“冷”的反差。实体真实优先性的刑事诉讼观念、非正式性的纠纷解决传统、可控性的程序运作思维、行政性的审判管理方式是以审判为中心的诉讼制度改革遭遇困境的症结所在,法官对庭审实质化的心理排斥则是改革最直接的障碍。期望在维持案卷移送制度的前提下,通过审判机制、程序技术或证据制度的调整走出改革困境,实践证明很难成功。推进以审判为中心的诉讼制度改革,应当进行宏观的制度性变革,构建中国式诉因制度,改革人民陪审员制度,阻断侦诉卷宗信息对裁判结论的实质性影响,激发法官的内生动力,同时完善司法管理方式和问责机制,破解制约审判权独立行使的体制机制障碍,营造良好的司法环境。

Compared to the booming application of the leniency system for admitting guilt and punishment in criminal proceedings, the progress of the trial-centered litigation system reform is not optimistic,presenting a situation of “hot” text and “cold” practice. The crux of the difficulties in promoting the reform of the trial-centered litigation system include the concept of substantive truth priority, informal dispute resolution tradition, controllable procedural thinking, and administrative trial management methods, while the most direct obstacle is the psychological exclusion of judges towards the substantialization of trial. It has been proven that it is difficult to successfully overcome the dilemma by adjusting the trial mechanism,procedural technology, or evidence system while maintaining the file transfer system.Promoting the reform of the trial-centered litigation system reform, it is necessary to carry out macro institutional changes, build a Chinese style cause of action system, reform the people's jury system, block the substantive impact of investigation and prosecution file information on judgment conclusion, stimulate the endogenous motivation of judges, simultaneously improve judicial management methods and accountability mechanisms, break down institutional obstacles that restrict the independent exercise of judicial power, and create a favorable judicial environment.