适应我国不同自然条件类型城市的内涝治理模式研究

Study on urban waterlogging control modes adapted to cities of different nature condition types in China

【目的】为加强各地内涝治理措施对区域气候特点、地形水系等自然条件的针对性,【方法】将我国城市根据自然条件差异分为北方少雨城市、平原河网城市、山地丘陵城市、滨海临江(河)城市4种类型,并筛选银川、苏州、宜昌、深圳4个城市分别作为案例,结合近年来内涝发生情况、风险评估及治理情况,梳理和剖析案例城市内涝主要原因、采取的治理措施和成效、面临的主要问题等;对照“源头减排、管网排放、蓄排并举、超标应急”的城市排水防涝工程体系,进一步细化延伸,研究提出不同类型城市的内涝治理模式。【结果】由于内涝成因差异,不同类型城市在管网建设、蓝绿空间保护、洪涝统筹、应急调度等方面工作的侧重点应各有差异。北方少雨城市应以补齐管网系统短板和保护修复蓝绿空间为主;平原河网城市应以保护水网格局、优化水系调度、增加强排能力为主;山地丘陵城市重点则是做好应对山洪的工作,强化排涝通道建设;滨海临江(河)城市需统筹洪涝潮关系,探索弹性空间建设,提高防汛应急和灾害响应处置能力。【结论】为应对气候变化条件下愈加频发的极端降雨,各地应结合自身自然条件,补齐内涝治理工作短板,持续提高城市的空间韧性。研究结果对于各地优化内涝治理工作思路具有一定的参考价值,为各地有效应对内涝灾害提供借鉴。

[Objective]To strengthen the pertinence of urban waterlogging control measures of cities with different natural condi-tions like regional climate characteristics,topography and hydrology,[Methods]cities are divided into four types:northern arid cities,plain river network cities,mountainous cities,and coastal/riverside cities.Four cities,Yinchuan,Suzhou,Yichang and Shenzhen,as well as,are selected as cases for research on urban waterlogging control modes.Based on the waterlogging occur-rences,risk assessments and governance actions in recent years,the main causes,control measures and effects,existing prob-lems of these cities are summarized.Referring to“source reduction,pipeline discharge,combined storage and discharge,and emergency response for exceeding standards”,the content of the urban drainage and flood control engineering system are further refined and extended,and differentiated waterlogging control modes for each type of cities are discussed and proposed.[Results]Due to the difference causes,cities should have different focuses in aspects of sewage network construction,protection of blue-green spaces,overall planning of flood and waterlogging control,emergency dispatching,and other work based on their distinct conditions.In northern cities with low rainfall,efforts should be made to supplement the shortcomings of the pipeline system and protect and repair the blue and green spaces.In plain river network cities,efforts should be made to protect the water network pattern,optimizing water system scheduling,and increasing strong drainage capacity.In mountainous and hilly cities,priority should be given to responding to mountain floods and strengthening the construction of drainage channels.In coastal river-side cities adjacent to rivers,it is necessary to coordinate the relationship between floods and tides,explore the construction of flexible spaces,and improve flood prevention emergency and disaster response capabilities.[Conclusion]In response to the in-creasingly frequent extreme rainfalls due to climate change,cities should make up for the shortcomings in governance measures according to their own natural conditions,and continuously improve the spatial resilience of cities.The research result have a cer-tain reference value for optimizing the ideas of waterlogging governance in different places in China,and provide guidances for ef-fectively coping with waterlogging disasters.